Epidemiological characteristics and etiological changes of hand-foot-mouth disease in Shijiazhuang City in 2009-2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Shijiazhuang City from 2009 to 2021, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods The epidemic data and etiological data of HFMD in Shijiazhuang City from 2009 to 2021 were collected, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used for data analysis. Results The reported incidence of HFMD in Shijiazhuang showed a fluctuating downward trend from 2009 to 2021, with a high incidence every other year in most years. The proportion of severe cases and the mortality rate showed a decreasing trend (χ2severe cases=282.09, P2mortality=51.33, P2=4 507.84，Pr=-2.85，P22 =521.86，P2proportion of severe cases=93.71，P=0.000，χ2mortality rate=26.62，P=0.000，χ2proportion of EV71=1060.86，P=0.000). Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Shijiazhuang presented a declining trend, and the dominant etiological changes of different cases were different. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the etiological monitoring, health education and EV71 vaccination for the prevention and control of HFMD.

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Shijiazhuang City of Hebei Province, 1984-2015 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Shijiazhuang City,and to provide scientific evidence for finding available prevention and control measures against the disease.Methods Using data retrospective method,the monitoring data of HFRS in Shijiazhuang from 1984 to 2015 were collected and divided into 1984-1993,1994-2003 and 2004-2015 periods.The incidence changes of HFRS in time,district and population in different periods were analyzed,and the time distribution of HFRS cases was analyzed on a seasonal basis.Results A cumulative total of 12 692 cases (accounting for 4.94/100 000) of HFRS,including 56 deaths,were reported in Shijiazhuang from 1984 to 2015.The particular years with the two peeks of HFRS epidemic were 1986 and 1999,the incidences of HFRS were 16.14/100 000 and 14.25/100 000,respectively.The incidence of HFRS maintained at a high level from 1998 to 2002,the average annual incidence was 12.21/100 000.And then,the incidence of HFRS declined quickly.The incidence of HFRS in Shijiazhuang kept at a lower level in 2011-2015,the average annual incidence was 0.26/100 000.42.91％ (5 446/12 692) of cases mainly occurred in spring;90.44％ (11 479/12 692) of cases were concentrated in 11 counties (cities,districts) of the eastern part of Shijiazhuang.Most cases were young males,the ratio of males to females was 2.43:1.00 (8 997/3 695),and 93.20％ (1 1 829/12 692) of them were adults.The majority of the cases were framers,accounting for 70.91％ (9 000/12 692),and the second large group was workers,accounting for 11.13％(1 413/12 692).Conclusions Overall,the incidence rate of HFRS has reduced continuously and maintained at a low level in recent years;epidemic areas are widely distributed,but in uneven distribution,and presented with obvious regional characteristics;these cases have mainly occurred in spring.The specific measures for control and prevention of HFRS should be taken according to the epidemic characters in different areas.

An outbreak of foot pain syndrome among students from a senior high school in Foshan, Guangdong province, 2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the cause of an outbreak of foot pain syndrome among students from a senior high school in Foshan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We defined a suspect case as onset of foot pain/numbness with unknown reason among students and teachers in a school of Foshan city, from February 10 to March 16, 2014. A suspect case was noticed as having both food pain and numbness. All the cases were searched through reviewing medical records in the nearby hospitals and school's clinic, also the records of absenteeism in school. Clinical information was collected from all the students, using a standardized questionnaire. Daily temperature was collected from all the students, between January 1 and March 31, 2014. A 1 : 2 individual matched case-control study was conducted to identify related risk factors on this epidemic. We interviewed all the cases and controls on their diet, physical activities and measures used for warming.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 407 case-students were identified, with an attack rate (AR) as 26.5%. The AR was 37.3% in girls, compared to 12.9% in boys. The difference was statistically significant (χ² = 115.1, P < 0.01). Boarding students had a higher AR (31.8%) than the commuting students (16.2%). The difference was statistically significant (χ² = 43.2, P < 0.01). In girls, boarding students had higher AR (46.1%) than those commuting students (18.5%). The difference was statistically significant (χ² = 61.4, P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found between boarding or commuting students in boys. Outdoor temperature was coming down from 23 °C on February 6 to 6 °C on February 13, but gradually rose to 23 °C on February 28. There was a positive relationship (r = 0.65, P = 0.002) noticed between daily maximum temperature and the number of cases during February 13-28. Results from this case-control study showed that factors as lacking physical activities (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.5-5.6), feeling cold in bed (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.3-7.0) and having experienced similar symptoms (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.1-11.0) could increase the risk of this disease.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This outbreak was possibly caused by the abrupt fluctuation of temperature within a short period.</p>

Analysis of epidemiologic features of visceral leishmaniasis in different age groups in China from 2005 to 2012 / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic features of visceral leishmaniasis in different age groups in China from 2005 to 2012,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of the disease.Methods The visceral leishmaniasis cases were obtained from China disease epidemic monitoring information system from 2005 to 2012.All the cases were divided into subgroups by demographic characteristics:infant (＜1 year old),childcare (≥1 and ＜4 years old),child (≥4 and ＜15 years old),adult (≥15 and ＜65 years old) and senior adult (above 65 years old).The epidemiologic features,such as gender,season of disease onset and area distribution of visceral leishmaniasis were analyzed.Results The total reported visceral leishmaniasis from 2005 to 2012 were 2 979,among which cases in infant,childcare,child,adult and senior adult were 24.9％,21.7％,20.0％,32.4％ and 1.0％,respectively.Infant cases were most reported in April; childcare cases in December which began to increase since September; child cases in October and adult and senior adult in March.The reported cases were mainly from Xinjiang,Gansu and Sichuan areas.However,age characteristics differed among regions,which were mainly infants,both childcare and children,and adults,respectively in this three areas.The duration from onset to diagnosis was shortest in infant group (11 d) and longer in adult group (15 d).Conclusions The number of visceral leishmaniasis cases in different age groups peaks in different months.Regional distribution is not even.Cases are most concentrated in Xinjiang,Gansu and Sichuan areas.Infants predominate in Xinjiang,childcare and children in Gansu and adults in Sichuan.

Single-stage laparoscopic splenectomy and cholecysterctomy for the management of patients with congenital hemolytic anemia and cholecystolithiasis / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility of laparoscopic splenectomy and cholecysterctomy in the treatment of patients with congenital hemolytic anemia and cholecystolithiasis. Methods 8 patients with congenital hemolytic anemia and cholecystolithiasis were operated on by single-stage splenectomy and cholecysterctomy. Results The procedures were successfully accomplished in all patients. The average hospitalization was 7.5 days. No intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in all of the 8 patients. Conclusions Single-stage laparoscopic splenectomy and cholecysterctomy is the therapy of choice for patients with congenital hemolytic anemia and cholecystolithiasis. The kind of operation is a minimally invasive approach and has the advantages of less injury and short hospital stay.

Laparoscopic operation for bile duct calculus / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility of laparoscope combined with cholangioscope in the management of bile duct calculus. Methods 100 cases of extra- and/or intrahepatic bile duct underwent laparoscopic choledocholithotomy and T-tube drainage or intra- or postoperative cholangioscope was performed from July 1997 to December 2000. Results 42 out of 100 cases obtained intraoperative complete clearance of the bile duct calculus and other 58 cases achieved thorough clearance of calculus postoperatively once to six times. No residual calculus was found in 3 years of follow-up. Conclusions Laparoscopic and cholangioscopic surgery is an effective method for the treatment of bile duct calculus.

The clinical application of endoscopic thyroidectomy / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To explore the feasibitity of endoscopic thyroidectomy through armpit or breast approach. Methods 14 patients aged from 21 to 36 years.There were 11 cases of thyroid adenoma(9 cases of single side and 2 cases of double sides)and 3 cases of nodular goiter (1 case of single side and 2 cases of double sides).The mini-mcision was made at armpit or breast.A percutaneous chennel into thyroid gland was performed and the focus was removed with ultrasonic scalpel wnder endoscopy. Results All cases were operated on under endoscopy,in cluding 11 cases through armpit approach and 3 ones through breast approach.The mean operative time was 135(105～335)min.The average blood loss was 65ml through armpit approach and 135ml through breast approach respectively.There was no operative complications. Conclusions Thyroidectomy under endoscopy is a new secure method.

A clinical study of endoscopic thyroidectomy via incision under the armpit / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic thyroidectomy via an incision under the armpit. Methods A skin incision was made under the armpit and a channel was established to thyroid gland and endoscopic thyroidectomy was performed in 32 cases suffering from unilateral thyroid lesion including 24 cases of solitary adenoma, 5 cases of multiple adenoma, 3 cases of cystic goiter. Results The average operative time was 125 min and the average blood loss was 55 ml. There were not any postoperative complications. Conclusion Endoscopic thyroidectomy is a mini-invasive surgery. The operative field was clear and ultrasonic scalpel is capable of dealing with blood vessels during the procedure.

Determination of Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn in Pollen by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To establish a method for the determination of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn in the pollen by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS).Methods Wet digestion-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn in the pollen.Results In the selected experimental conditions, the recovery rates of these elements were 98.5%-103.0% and the coefficient of variation was 1.13%-2.36%.The detection limits were 0.40 ?g/L for Fe, 0.08 ?g/L for Cu, 0.20 ?g/L for Zn, 0.14 ?g/L for Mn.The linear range was 0.00-2.00 mg/L.Conclusion FAAS is simple, fast, accurate for the determination of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn in the pollen.