Validity of Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test: Methodological Issues / 가정의학회지

No abstract available.

Determining the factors associated with cardiovascular disease Recurrence: Tehran lipid and glucose study

Background: several studies have emphasized the importance of cardiovascular disease [CVD] prevention. However, there is a dearth of data on the prevention of cardiovascular disease recurrence. The present study was the 1st in Iran to evaluate factors associated with CVD recurrence

Methods: this prospective cohort study was conducted on 483 subjects [> 30 years old] with a history of CVD who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study and were followed up for 12 years [1999-2012]. The relationships between the most important established risk factors for CVD and CVD recurrence were evaluated

Results: totally, 258 [53.4%] men and 225[46.5%] women at a mean age of 59.2 +/- 10.7 years were recruited in the study. Our results showed that over the 12-year follow-up, the incidence of a recurrent event [per 100 person-years] was 48.5. Further, after controlling the possible confounding factors, the following variables had a significant relationship with CVD recurrence: age [HR = 1.02; p value = 0. 001], male sex [HR = 1.4; p value = 0.012], smoking [HR = 1.7; p value = 0.004], and increased fasting blood sugar [HR = 2.1; p value = 0.001]

Conclusion: we found that the established variables in the development of CVD [i.e., age, sex, and smoking] played an important role in the risk of CVD recurrence

Sphincter of Oddi Manometry: Methodological Issues in Reproducibility of Measurements

No abstract available.

Sphincter of Oddi Manometry: Methodological Issues in Reproducibility of Measurements

No abstract available.

Evaluation of oral hygiene care of under 4 years old children by their mothers based on the health belief model

Objective: Oral health is one of the basic components of preschool children's health. Young children completely depend on their parents, specially their mothers, to have an appropriate oral health. Health belief model shows the relationship between some structures related to personal perceptions, barriers and perceived self-efficiency, and behavior. This study aims to determine the oral health care status of children under 4 by their mother according to health belief model in Tehran

Methods: In this cross-sectional [descriptive-analytic] study, 200 mothers with children under 4 who visited health care centers under the authority of Shahid Beheshti University of medical Sciences were randomly chosen. A questionnaire which was designed according to health belief model [HBM] was used to collect data. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS software

Results: It was found that only in 10% of the cases knowledge score was favorable. Participants scored 50.85%, 75.93%, 72.23%, 92.06%, 48.2%, 86.31%, 64.07% in knowledge structures, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self efficiency and behavior respectively. Knowledge structures [p<0.01, r=0.276], perceived barriers [p<0/01, r=0/314] and perceived self efficiency [p<0.01, r=0.269] showed positive correspondence and significant relationship with the oral and dental health behaviors by their mothers. Structures of health belief model could describe 17.9% of behavior variance. Amongst these structures, perceived barriers had more important role

Conclusion: This study estimated that the behavioral status of oral and dental health care of children under 4 by their mothers is moderate. Therefore planning an educational program using behavioral models and theories, such as health belief model is suggested, so that it can increase knowledge and self-efficiency and reduce perceptive barriers to promote children's oral health

Comparison of the reproducibility of results of a new peri-implantitis assessment system (implant success index) with the Misch classification

OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to determine the reproducibility of peri-implant tissue assessment using the new implant success index (ISI) in comparison with the Misch classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive study, 22 cases of peri-implant soft tissue with different conditions were selected, and color slides were prepared from them. The slides were shown to periodontists, maxillofacial surgeons, prosthodontists and general dentists, and these professionals were asked to score the images according to the Misch classification and ISI. The intra- and inter-observer reproducibility scores of the viewers were assessed and reported using kappa and weighted kappa (WK) tests. RESULTS: Inter-observer reproducibility of the ISI technique between the prosthodontists-periodontists (WK=0.85), prosthodontists-maxillofacial surgeons (WK=0.86) and periodontists-maxillofacial surgeons (WK=0.9) was better than that between general dentists and other specialists. In the two groups of general dentists and maxillofacial surgeons, ISI was more reproducible than the Misch classification system (WK=0.99 versus WK non-calculable, WK=1 and WK=0.86). The intra-observer reproducibility of both methods was equally excellent among periodontists (WK=1). For prosthodontists, the WK was not calculable via any of the methods. CONCLUSION: The intra-observer reproducibility of both the ISI and Misch classification techniques depends on the specialty and expertise of the clinician. Although ISI has more classes, it also has higher reproducibility than simpler classifications due to its ability to provide more detail.

Commentary on "Reliability of two different presurgical preparation methods for implant dentistry based on panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography in cadavers"

No abstract available.

[Validation of food frequency questionnaire to assess folate intake status in breast cancer patients]

Inadequate folate intake could be associated with increased breast cancer risk. The aim of the present study was to assess the folate intake by designed Food Frequency Questionnaire [FFQ] using plasma folate concentration. This analytic cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the validity of the semi-quantitative FFQ [136 items] in 152 women with confirmed breast malignancy aged between 35 - 85 years old.. Folate plasma level was assessed by means of automated electrochemiluminescence. The Pearson and partial correlation coefficients were performed between the plasma level of folate and crude, total and energy-adjusted [residual] folate intakes. Area under ROC curve [AUC], sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and odds ratio were fulfilled in two models in order to achieve validity assessment. The folate plasma level was significantly correlated with total intake of vegetables, bread and cereal groups [p=0.001] and also with total intake of fruits [p=0.001] and dairy products [p=0.026]. After adjusting for confounders, the folate plasma levels were correlated significantly with daily [beta=0.39], and residual [beta=0.41] folate intake levels [p=0.001]. The area under ROC curves in model I [folate plasma level <5.9 ng/ml] was 0.74 [95%CI=0.63-0.85] and for model II [folate plasma level <10.0 ng/ml] was estimated as 0.61[95%CI= 0.51- 0.71]. Model I indicated more appropriate predictive value [p=0.001] of folate intake assessment via FFQ. The results of this study showed that FFQ described in this study could be a valid and appropriate tool for assessing folate intake status in dietary content of breast cancer patients and also could be representative and valid for assessing the folate rich-food intake status

Electrocardiogram abnormalities and coronary calcification in postmenopausal women

An electrocardiogram [ECG] can provide information on subclinical myocardial damage. The presence, and more importantly the quantity of coronary artery calcification [CAC], relates well with the overall severity of the atherosclerotic process. A strong relation has been demonstrated between coronary calcium burden and the incidence of myocardial infarction, a relation independent of age. The aim of this study was to assess the relation of left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH] and ECG abnormalities with CAC. The study population comprised 566 postmenopausal women selected from a population-hated cohort study. Information on LVH and repolarization abnormalities [T-axis and QRS-T angle] was obtained using electrocardiography Modular ECG Analysis System [MEANS] was used to assess ECG abnormalities. The women underwent a multi detector-row computed tomography [MDCT] scan [Philips Mx 8000 IDT 16] to assess CAC. The Agatston score was used to quantify CAC; scores greater than zero were considered as the presence of coronary calcium. Logistic regression was used to assess the relation of ECG abnormality with coronary calcification. LVH was found in 2.7% [n = 15] of the women. The prevalence of T-axis abnormality was 6% [n = 34], whereas 8.5% [n = 48] had a QRS-T angle abnormality. CAC was found in 62% of the women. Compared to women with a normal T-axis, women with borderline or abnormal T-axes were 3.8 fold more likely to have CAC [95% CI: 1.4-10.2]. Similarly compared to women with a normal QRS-T angle, in women with borderline or abnormal QRS-T angle, CAC was 2.0 fold more likely to be present [95% CI: 1.0-4.1]. Among women with ECG abnormalities reflecting subclinical ischemia, CAC is commonly found and may in part explain the increased coronary heart disease risk associated with these ECG abnormalities

Cardiovascular risk factors and specific coronary artery calcification in postmenopausal women

Myocardial infractions at different locations have been related to different sets of risk factors. This study was designed to examine the association between cardiovascular risk factors and specific coronary artery calcification [CAC]. The study population comprised 573 postmenopausal women selected from a population-based cohort study. Established vascular risk factors were measured. The women underwent a multi detector-row computed tomography [16-MDCT] [Philips Mx 8000 IDT 16] to assess coronary calcium. The Agatston score was used to quantify coronary calcium. Logistic regression models were utilized to assess the relations. The prevalence of coronary artery calcification [Agatston score >0] was 61.5% [n= 348]. CAC was most common in the left anterior descending [LAD] artery with a prevalence of 43.9%; and the rates of prevalence in the right coronary arter [RCA], the circumflex [LCX], the left main artery [LM], and the posterior descending artery [PDA] were 23.1%, 19.4%, 15.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. In the multivariate regression models, age was predominantly related to the calcification in the LAD and LCX, low density lipoprotein to calcification in the LAD, and cholesterol to the calcification of the RCA. Hypertension and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were related to the calcification of the LCX, whereas smoking was predominantly related to the calcification of both LAD and RCA. Finally, age, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure were significantly related to teh classification in the LM. Our findings showed that the consequences of elevated risk factor levels on the development of atherosclerosis appeared to be different across the segments of the coronary arteries