RESUMO
Background: Hepatic involvement is not an uncommon in dengue viral infection, which presents with elevation in serum aminotransferases due to reactive hepatitis. The study is aimed to know the pattern of changes in hepatic enzyme levels in dengue infection in pediatric patients and to assess it with clinical presentation of dengue in particularly patients without and with shock.Methods: Pediatric patients with serologically confirmed Dengue viral infection were enrolled in the study and divided clinically into a shock group and a non-shock group. SGPT and SGOT levels were measured from day one of fever onset till 7 days and within 3 days after shock in the shock group. Student t-test was used to analyze the statistical data.Results: 100 patients with a mean age of 8'2.6 years were included in the study. The incidence of abnormal SGOT and SGPT levels were 96.9% and 51.1% in the shock group, and 92.2% and 45% in the non-shock group respectively. 30% and 17.9% of the patients in shock group and only 9.9% and 4.2% in non-shock group had the respective SGOT and SGPT levels > 200 U/L. Patients in shock group had statistically higher levels of Serum aminotransferase compared to the non-shock group. SGOT tended to increase starting from one day before shock and continued to increase within a few days whereas SGPT was less likely to be affected.Conclusions: Pediatric patients with Dengue infection have raised Aminotransferases in particular SGOT, which is higher than SGPT level. Aminotransferase levels in shock patients are significantly high and increases up to 3 days.
RESUMO
Background/objective: Breast cancer is a major concern worldwide and causes one of the highest numbers of causalities. The general approach for the evaluation of breast cancer has become formalized as triple assessment: clinical examination, imaging (usually mammography, ultrasonography, or both), and needle biopsy. Prostatespecific antigen (PSA) has been reported to be a potential biomarker of breast cancer. The objective of the present study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Prostate specific antigen for the detection of malignancy in breast tumors keeping histopathology as the gold standard. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur from April 15, 2013, to October 14, 2013. All the patients with breast lump attending Surgery Outpatient Department were included in the study. Blood samples were collected in 5 ml sterile syringes on the same day before the FNAC was done. The total prostate-specific antigen of patients was assessed by commercially available ELISA kits and values >5 ng/L were labeled as positive. Results: Total of 230 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 42 years with a standard deviation of 11.681 years. About 182 patients had breast cancer on histopathology while 160 patients were positive for PSA. PSA was found to be 78.2% precise in detection, the sensitivity of 80.2%, specificity of 70.8%, and positive predictive value of 91.2% and negative predictive value of 48.5%. Conclusion: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) has significant diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer and can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of breast cancer in women.