RESUMO
The prognostic implication of acellular mucin pools [AMP] in rectal cancer is controversial. There is no Level-I evidence regarding their prognostic impact. This systematic review was performed to determine the impact of AMP on survival in patients with rectal cancer, who demonstrate pathological complete response [PCR] to preoperative chemoradiation [CRT]. A systematic literature review was performed by searching MEDLINE and EMBASE database. For overall survival, the overall random effect model favored mucin negative tumors [HR=2, 95% CI=0.8-4.8] with heterogeneity [I-squared=0, p=0.6]. However, the pooled analysis was not significant due to small sample. For disease-free survival, four studies showed HR >1; however, the pooled random effect model indicated little difference in risk [HR=1.06, 95% CI=0.4-2.4] with heterogeneity [I-squared=49.5%, p=0.07]. No definite prognostic role of AMP in rectal cancer patients with PCR was found. These results, however, should be interpreted with caution
RESUMO
Objective: To determine the behavioral risks factors associated with spread of dengue infections in a rural community of Gulshan-e-Iqbal town, Karachi, Pakistan
Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional survey was conducted during September 2013- February 2014 in union councils of Gulshan-e-Iqbal town, Karachi. The sample size was 350. Systematic random sampling was used for selecting the study subject, from each household taken as one unit. Sample was taken from a total of 3225 houses to achieve total sample of 350 households. All the data was entered and analysed by using SPSS software version 15. Means with standard deviation for numerical variables and proportions for categorical variables are presented. Chi square test was performed to find the association of behavioral risks factors with spread of dengue infections in a rural community of Karachi, Pakistan
Results: Dengue infection was clinically diagnosed in 203 [58%] patients and were hospitalized during August 2012 to February 2013. Among all patients, higher frequency was found in the middle age group 37 to 54 years i.e. 44% [n=154].The behaviors of self-mosquito bite protection [p<0.01], selfprevention in breading mosquitoes [p<0.01], density of vegetation [p<0.01], behaviors regarding lack of self-efficacy in controlling vector [p<0.01] and lack of preventive measure in community [p<0.01] were significantly associated with transmission of dengue infections
Conclusion: The behavioral risks factors associated with spread of dengue infections in a rural community included lack of preventive measure in community, lack of comprehension of Health belief models, lack of knowledge,lack of self- prevention in breading mosquitoes, high density of vegetation and lack of self-efficacy in controlling vector
RESUMO
The prostate gland is found at the base of the bladder, surrounding the urethra. A rising interest has been noted in the diseases of the prostrate in the last decade or so. This is attributed to the fact that a high incidence of the prostatic carcinoma has been noted in different geographical locations and multi ethnic groups. Carcinoma of the prostate is the most common form of cancer in males in the United States, second only to lung cancer. retrospective study. This study was carried out at Department of pathology, Dow Medical College, Karachi between January 2003-2012. A retrospective study of 317 prostatic biopsies was conducted, based on the histopathological reports, with the purpose of identifying patients with prostatic lesions. Records of all specimens of prostatic tissue received for histopathology from the Civil hospital Karachi were used in this study. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS version 16.0. The total number of patients included in this study was 317. The mean age of the patients was 64.9 +/- 8.12 with an age range of 48-100. 7.9% [n=25] patients had prostatic adenocarcinoma whereas 91.8% of patients showed benign nodular hyperplasia. Overall the incidence of prostatic cancers is more in the western countries as compared to the east. This can be attributed to the fact that the west has screening programs that leads to early detection. However screening programs should also be introduced and made available to general public and in males over the age of 50, PSA level detection should be made compulsory