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Objective:To investigate the resistance of adult Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides, in order to scientifically select and use insecticides. Methods:In Siming, Jimei and Haicang districts of Xiamen City in September 2018, and in Siming, Jimei and Xiang'an districts of Xiamen City in August 2019, larvae and egg blocks of Aedes albopictus in the field were collected by ladle method, and then raised to adult mosquitoes in the laboratory. The resistance of adult Aedes albopictus to 7 commonly used insecticides was determined by the contact tube method, and the knockdown rate of 1 h and mortality rate of 24 h recovery were calculated. The resistance level was determined according to the mortality rate: ≥98% was the sensitive group (S); 80% - < 98% was potential resistant group (M); < 80% was resistant group (R). Results:In 2018 and 2019, adult Aedes albopictus were exposed to 0.1% deltamethrin, 0.4% beta-cypermethrin, 0.5% lambda-cyhalothrin, 1.4% alpha-cypermethrin, 3% permethrin, 0.5% malathion and 0.05% propoxur, the knockdown rates of 1 h were 95.1% (117/123), 98.3% (115/117), 100.0% (116/116), 99.2% (120/121), 98.4% (123/125), 97.5% (119/122), 100.0% (127/127) and 96.7% (118/122), 98.6% (143/145), 100.0% (139/139), 100.0% (149/149), 98.0% (146/149), 96.8% (121/125), and 100.0% (126/126), respectively. In 2018, the mortality rates of 24 h recovery were 91.1% (112/123), 78.6% (92/117), 75.0% (87/116), 88.4% (107/121), 96.0% (120/125), 99.2% (121/122), and 100.0% (127/127), respectively. In 2019, the adjusted mortality rates of 24 h recovery were 74.9%, 76.9%, 79.5%, 91.4%, 92.3%, 100.0%, and 100.0%, respectively. Conclusions:Adult Aedes albopictus in Xiamen City is sensitive to malathion and propoxur, and it has a high resistance to pyrethroids insecticides such as deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen resistance monitoring and use different insecticides in turn to reduce and delay the development of resistance.
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Objective Data from the surveillance program was collected,to analyze the situation of hospitalization and cases of death with recorded causes,in Shenzhen,from 1995 to 2014.Situation of hospitalization and causes of deaths were studied in Shenzhen which had been a fast-developing city with growing number of immigrants so as to provide reference for decision-making on related prevention and control strategies.Methods Data on hospitalizations and deaths collected from the surveillance program,were classified by both International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10.A database was constructed with methods on related descriptive and trend analysis.Results Around 6.3 million inpatients were seen in the past two decades in Shenzhen.The top five diseases for hospitalization were pregnancy childbirth and puerperium complications,respiratory diseases,injury and poisoning,digestive system diseases and circulatory system diseases,that accounting for 68.4％ of all the hospitalization burden.The number of inpatients increased annually,with an 11 times increase during the past two decades.Proportions for pregnancy childbirth and puerperium complications,circulatory system diseases and urinary system diseases all showed increasing (x2=53 806.94,6 893.95 and 15 383.14,P＜0.01),while proportions for injuries and poisoning,respiratory diseases,digestive system diseases showed a declining trend (x2=131 480.09,1 711.84 and 11 367.66,P＜ 0.01).Number of cumulative inpatient deaths exceeded 60 000,with the top five causes as malignant tumor,circulatory system diseases,injury and poisoning,respiratory system diseases and digestive system diseases,that accounting for 82.28％ of all the inpatient deaths.Deaths due to circulatory system diseases,injury and poisoning increased and then decreased.Malignant tumor and respiratory diseases-induced deaths showed an increasing trend (x2=1 546.48,309.55,P＜0.01),while induced deaths from disease of the other systems showed slight changes.The overall case fatality rate showed an annual decline (x2=4 378.63,P＜0.01),from 2.23％ in 1995 to 0.74％ in 2014,with mortality attribute to tumor,circulatory system disease decreased significantly.Conclusions Shenzhen had been under an ageing transition,with relatively young population living in the city.Chronic diseases such as tumor gradually had become the major causes for heavy hospitalization burden on the population of Shenzhen.
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Objective Data from the surveillance program was collected,to analyze the situation of hospitalization and cases of death with recorded causes,in Shenzhen,from 1995 to 2014.Situation of hospitalization and causes of deaths were studied in Shenzhen which had been a fast-developing city with growing number of immigrants so as to provide reference for decision-making on related prevention and control strategies.Methods Data on hospitalizations and deaths collected from the surveillance program,were classified by both International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10.A database was constructed with methods on related descriptive and trend analysis.Results Around 6.3 million inpatients were seen in the past two decades in Shenzhen.The top five diseases for hospitalization were pregnancy childbirth and puerperium complications,respiratory diseases,injury and poisoning,digestive system diseases and circulatory system diseases,that accounting for 68.4％ of all the hospitalization burden.The number of inpatients increased annually,with an 11 times increase during the past two decades.Proportions for pregnancy childbirth and puerperium complications,circulatory system diseases and urinary system diseases all showed increasing (x2=53 806.94,6 893.95 and 15 383.14,P＜0.01),while proportions for injuries and poisoning,respiratory diseases,digestive system diseases showed a declining trend (x2=131 480.09,1 711.84 and 11 367.66,P＜ 0.01).Number of cumulative inpatient deaths exceeded 60 000,with the top five causes as malignant tumor,circulatory system diseases,injury and poisoning,respiratory system diseases and digestive system diseases,that accounting for 82.28％ of all the inpatient deaths.Deaths due to circulatory system diseases,injury and poisoning increased and then decreased.Malignant tumor and respiratory diseases-induced deaths showed an increasing trend (x2=1 546.48,309.55,P＜0.01),while induced deaths from disease of the other systems showed slight changes.The overall case fatality rate showed an annual decline (x2=4 378.63,P＜0.01),from 2.23％ in 1995 to 0.74％ in 2014,with mortality attribute to tumor,circulatory system disease decreased significantly.Conclusions Shenzhen had been under an ageing transition,with relatively young population living in the city.Chronic diseases such as tumor gradually had become the major causes for heavy hospitalization burden on the population of Shenzhen.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological features,spectrum and case fatality of malignant tumor patients in Shenzhen city,to provide evidence for the development of prevention and treatment strategies on malignant tumor in Shenzhen.Methods All the hospitalized malignant tumor patients including deaths,were monitored from 1995 to 2014 in Shenzhen,and data was analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software.Results There were 160 988 inpatients of malignant tumors between 1995 and 2014 in Shenzhen.The top three hospitalized tumors were lung (13.64％),liver (11.13％) and breast (7.86％) cancers.Numbers of the malignant tumor inpatients had been rapidly increasing during the past 20 years,12.3 times in 2014 higher than in 1995.The total number of deaths due to malignant tumors was 19 460.Deaths of the top three malignant tumors were lung (24.40％),liver (19.84％) and colorectal (8.63％) cancers and the number of deaths was increasing,12.5 times higher in 2014 than in 1995.The overall case fatality rate was 12.09％.The annual percent change (APC) of malignant tumors case fatality rate was 9.7％(95％CI:2.0％-18.0％),during 1995-2003,with an increasing trend (t=2.72,P＜0.05).The APC of case fatality rate during 2003-2014 was-3.4％(95％CI:-7.6％-1.1％),but the decreasing trend (t=-1.63,P＞0.05) was not statistically significant.The top three major malignant tumors related to case fatality rate were lung cancer (21.62％),liver cancer (21.39％),and esophageal cancer (16.50％).The case fatality rates of leukemia and liver cancer had decreased during the past 20 years.The case fatality rates of cancers in lung,esophagus,stomach,breast,colorectal and nasopharyngeal,had all increased.The number of male patients was significantly exceeding the females (x2=41.691,P＜0.01),with sex ratio as 1.65:1.From age 35 and on,the number of deaths due to malignant tumors increased significantly,with the peak after 60 years of age.Conclusions The number of malignant tumor inpatients had an annual increase as well as the case fatality rate.Cancers in lung,liver appeared the leading causes of death among the malignant tumor patients,with elderly in particular.Strategies related to the prevention and treatment of cancers in lung,liver should be strengthened.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological features,spectrum and case fatality of malignant tumor patients in Shenzhen city,to provide evidence for the development of prevention and treatment strategies on malignant tumor in Shenzhen.Methods All the hospitalized malignant tumor patients including deaths,were monitored from 1995 to 2014 in Shenzhen,and data was analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software.Results There were 160 988 inpatients of malignant tumors between 1995 and 2014 in Shenzhen.The top three hospitalized tumors were lung (13.64％),liver (11.13％) and breast (7.86％) cancers.Numbers of the malignant tumor inpatients had been rapidly increasing during the past 20 years,12.3 times in 2014 higher than in 1995.The total number of deaths due to malignant tumors was 19 460.Deaths of the top three malignant tumors were lung (24.40％),liver (19.84％) and colorectal (8.63％) cancers and the number of deaths was increasing,12.5 times higher in 2014 than in 1995.The overall case fatality rate was 12.09％.The annual percent change (APC) of malignant tumors case fatality rate was 9.7％(95％CI:2.0％-18.0％),during 1995-2003,with an increasing trend (t=2.72,P＜0.05).The APC of case fatality rate during 2003-2014 was-3.4％(95％CI:-7.6％-1.1％),but the decreasing trend (t=-1.63,P＞0.05) was not statistically significant.The top three major malignant tumors related to case fatality rate were lung cancer (21.62％),liver cancer (21.39％),and esophageal cancer (16.50％).The case fatality rates of leukemia and liver cancer had decreased during the past 20 years.The case fatality rates of cancers in lung,esophagus,stomach,breast,colorectal and nasopharyngeal,had all increased.The number of male patients was significantly exceeding the females (x2=41.691,P＜0.01),with sex ratio as 1.65:1.From age 35 and on,the number of deaths due to malignant tumors increased significantly,with the peak after 60 years of age.Conclusions The number of malignant tumor inpatients had an annual increase as well as the case fatality rate.Cancers in lung,liver appeared the leading causes of death among the malignant tumor patients,with elderly in particular.Strategies related to the prevention and treatment of cancers in lung,liver should be strengthened.