Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib inhibits replication of Enterovirus D68 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the inhibitory effect of bortezomib (PS-341) on enterovirus replication.@*Methods@#The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to value cell viability in response to PS-341 treatment. The protein and viral gene mRNAs were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).@*Results@#Our result show that after enterovirus (EV)-D68 or coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3) infected cells were treated with PS-341, compared with the control group, the inhibition rate of the intracellular viral RNA reached 50%~70% or 60%~90%. PS-341 was added after RD cells were infectd with EV-D68, the intracellular virus titer was down-regulated by 90.23% and 83.40% in the supernatant, the intracellular virus titer was down-regulated by 93% and 90% in the supernatant and in RD cells. PS-341 had no effect on virus adsorption and importing. The cells were treated with PS-341 and apoptosis-inhibiting agent Ac-YVAD-CHO, the viral RNA replication inhibition rate reached 10%-30%, and the expression of viral protein was increased, which indicated that the inhibitory effect of PS-341 on viral replication was attenuated.@*Conclusions@#According to the result of the study, PS-341 could reduce apoptosis by regulating the proteasome pathway, inhibiting the gene replication and assemble, without effect on virus adsorption, entry and release. In addition, PS-341 also inhibited the replication of CV-B3 in cells, which suggest that PS-341 has a broad spectrum anti-EVs effects.

The 471st case: duodenal ulcer, mucor infection, and elevated IgG4 / 中华内科杂志

Mucor infection is rarely reported in non-immunocompromised population, especially in isolated gastrointestinal tracts. IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RD) have been recognized in recent years, but secondary causes of IgG4 elevation should be differentiated. We reported a young man with duodenal mass and ulcer and high serum IgG4 level. Histological biopsy of the mass revealed positive mucor mycelium and infiltration of IgG4 positive plasma cells. Serum IgG4 decreased to normal range after surgical resection and systemic antifungal treatment. This case suggests that isolated mucor mycosis infection can develop in the digestive tract and mimics as IgG4-related disease.

Effect of Liuwei Dihuang Pills on the extracellular matrix components of intervertebral disc degeneration models in vitro / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Liuwei Dihuang Pills (LWPs), a famous Chinese prescription for replenishing the liver and kidney, have achieved good effect in the treatment of backache. However, the mechanism underlying LWPs treating backache with kidney deficiency is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of LWPs on extracellular matrix components of rabbit intervertebral disc degeneration models in vitro, and to explore the effect of LWPs in the prevention and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.METHODS: Totally 100 L1-6 intervertebral discs with endplate removed from 20 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), p38-JNK/SAPK blocked, LWPs, and combination groups (n=20 per group). 2 μL of 10 mg/L TNF-α, 10 μL of 20 μmol/L SB203580 (specific inhibitor of p38MAPK) and SP600125 (inhibitor of JNK), 10% LWPs serum, 10% LWPs combined with 2 μL of 10 mg/L TNF-α were added into the medium of the corresponding group. Samples were collected at 2, 4, 6 and 14 days of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The addition of TNF-α significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of collagen type I, while significantly downregulated the levels of glycosaminoglycan and hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate/keratan sulfate ratio, as well as the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan and collagen type Ⅱ (P < 0.05). LWPs could partly reverse the changes caused by TNF-α, indicating that LWPs can alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration to a certain extent.

Liuwei Dihuang Pill inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade of nucleus pulposus cells in a model of intervertebral disc degeneration / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:JNKs and p38 MAPK, as important members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), play critical roles in the cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation and apoptosis. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Liuwei Dihuang Pill on the MAPK signaling cascade of nucleus pulposus cells in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS:100 discs samples with endplate cartilages were equivalently randomized into five groups and cultured in the medium containing 10 mg/L tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α, 2μL), p38-JNK/SAPK blockers (10μL of 20μmol/L SB203580 and SP600125, 2μL of 10μmol/L TNF-α), 10%Liuwei Dihuang Pill serum, 10 mg/L TNF-α(2μL) plus 10%Liuwei Dihuang Pill serum, respectively. Those cells received no intervention as controls. Samples were collected and detected at 2, 4, 8 and 14 days of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Real time-PCR and western blot assay showed that mRNA and protein expressions of JNK and P38 pathways by the nucleus pulposus cells were upregulated with time, while all above indicators were significantly decreased by the Liuwei Dihuang Pill serum. These findings reveal that Liuwei Dihuang Pill can delay the process of disc degeneration by blocking JNK and P38 signaling pathways, thus exerting protective effect on the intervertebral discs.

The pilot observation of cerebral blood flow during aortic arch reconstruction surgery in piglet's animal model / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

ObjectiveA single pump and double arterial lines piglet model was established in this piglet's experiment.The preliminary study of cerebral blood flow proportion and distribution was performed continuously during the procedure.MethodsEight female piglets were utilized in this study.The body weight ranged from 18 kg to 22 kg.The right atrium was carmulated for venous drainage.Double arterial lines were established through cannulating into right carotid artery and ascending aortic aorta.Selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) through right carotid artery started after bladder temperature was decreased to 20℃ and the perfusion from ascending aortic aorta was interrupted.The perfusion through ascending aortic aorta resumed following 60 minutes of circulatory arrest.Traditional rewarming strategy was adopted and the experiment ended when bladder temperature attained 36℃.The real-time blood flow in the double arterial lines was monitored using a TS410 transit-time tubing flowmeter (Transonic Systems Inc.,Ithaca,NY).Blood pressure in femoral artery,intra-circuit pressure was recorded every five minutes interval.Regional cerebral oxygen saturation ( rSO2 ) was assessed with NIRO-200 oximeter using Near-infrared spectroscopy (Hamamatsu Photonics,Hamamatsu City,Japan )and mixed venous oxygen saturation ( SvO2 ).Blood samples were drawn for blood chemistry measurement prior to extracorporeal circulation,before circulatory arrest and at the end of experiment.ResultsArterial blood pressure was maintained at (60 ± 20) mm Hg.Total blood flow perfusion was(85.30 ±6.81)ml · kg-1 · min-1 and(14.42 ±1.76) ml · kg-1 · min-1 in right carotid artery.The proportion of cerebral blood flow was (16.72 ± 2.77 )％ of total perfusion.Cerebral blood perfusion was controlled with( 15.11 ± 0.44)ml · kg - 1 · min - 1 during SACP.Compared to SvO2,rSO2 remained stable during the procedure.The plasma concentration of

Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Dusuqing Granule on toll-like receptor 4 signaling in multiple organ injury induced by bacterial pneumonia in aged rats / 中西医结合学报

To study the protective mechanism of Dusuqing Granule, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on the senile multiple organ injury caused by bacterial pneumonia by observing the expression changes of molecules related to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling.