Comparative evaluation of some commercially available brands of pharmaceutical preparations for Na, K and Mg concentrations

A study was carried out to investigate the concentrations of macro-elements [Na[+], K[+] and Mg[+2]] in twelve commercially available pharmaceutical preparations used as sex stimulant, by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. A wet digestion method was adopted to prepare the samples. The results indicated that sodium concentration was maximum [3702 +/- 29 micro g g[-1]] in LB and minimum [495 +/- 06 micro g g[-1]] in H-E-H. Potassium concentration was maximum [6337 +/- 13 micro g g[-1]] in NBA while minimum [150 +/- 06 micro g g[-1]] in ZGRA. Magnesium concentration was maximum in V-100 [9226 +/- 11 micro g g[-1]] and minimum in FGRA [1194 +/- 25 micro g g[-1]]. The concentration of macro-elements in the imported herbal preparations was in the order of Mg>Na>K and in the local herbal preparations as follows: Mg>K>Na. Some of these herbal preparations contain high level of macro-elements than the recommended daily dietary allowances. The excessive use of such preparations may cause severe allergic reactions, kidney damage and pulmonary atherosclerosis

Frequency of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

To determine the frequency of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children having congenital malformations of the eyes coming to the tertiary care eye hospital. Descriptive study done at Al Shifa eye hospital Rawalpindi from January 2004 to December 2007. Retrospective case record analysis of all children coming to the hospital with congenital malformation of nasolacrimal duct along with other congenital malformations of the eyes were included in the study. Children with no congenital anomalies of the eyes but having nasolacrimal duct obstruction were excluded. Congenital malformations of eyes were seen in 514 cases [289 males and 225 females]. The age distribution was from birth to 15 years, with majority seen between 0-2 years. Out of 514 cases, 103 had congenital abnormalities of lacrimal apparatus with 20% having nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Persistent tears were the major presenting feature. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction was the commonest congenital malformations of the eyes which can be easily corrected

Perforated peptic ulcer a review of 36 cases

To evaluate the epidemiology of peptic ulcer perforation in Armed Forces and further management / outcome of the patients. Data of 36 patients with perforated peptic ulcer collected. This data was analyzed on SPSS 13. CMH Rawalpindi from Jan 1979 to July 1981, Jan 1985 to Dec 1987 and Jan 2001 to Dec 2003. Out of 36 patients 35 were male and only one was female. Twenty four [67%] were between 31-50 years. No past history was taken from eight [22%] patients. Thirty four [94%] patients presented with duodenal perforation. Twenty patients [55%] had rigidity all over abdomen and peristalsis were present in ten [28%] patients who reported within twelve hours. Seventy eight [78%] were diagnosed by history and simple radiological examination. All the patients were treated by laparotomy [simple closure with omental patch]. Post operative complications occur in ten [28%] patients and mortality rate was 8%. Predominantly the peptic ulcer perforation occurs between 30-50 years of age. The incidence reduces with succeeding years of study. Post operative complications were less in younger age group .Early diagnosis can be made easily by taking good history and performing simple radiological examination

Conservative treatment of congenital talipes equino varus [clubfoot]

The Congenital Talipes Equino Varus is the most common disorder of congenital deformities of foot. Material and This study was conducted know the of conservative treatment of the condition. A total of one hundred and ten patients with 165 Feet having Congenital Talipes Equino Varus deformities were registered for study from July 1998 to June 2000 at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. All the patients with congenital clubfoot deformity were included in the study and those having deformity secondary to poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, meningomyelocoele and arthogryposis multiplex congenital were excluded from the study. Ninety-six patients with 144 clubfeet completed their followup of two years. The average age of patients was 19 days, ranging from 01 day to 12 weeks. The deformity was classified according to Harrold and Walker's classification. All the patients were treated non-operatively using Kite and Lovell technique. The were assessed by using Turco's assessment method. 81.24% excellentgood were achieved at two years of follow-up. Conservative Treatment is the best option of treatment for Congenital Talipes Equino Varus [clubfoot], which starts at an early age. It prevents future deformity in children and lessens the burden over the society