Incidence of cardioembolic stroke related to atrial fibrillation in Joinville, Brazil / Incidência de acidente vascular encefálico relacionado à fibrilaçao atrial em Joinville, Brasil

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important cause of cardioembolic stroke, and population aging has increased its prevalence. Objective To evaluate the incidence of cardioembolic stroke caused by AF in the city of Joinville, Brazil, as well as previous diagnoses and use of medication. Methods Between 2017 and 2020 we extracted data from the population-based Joinville Stroke Registry. Demographic characteristics, diagnosis of AF, and patterns of medication use were collected, and the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) system was used to classify the etiology. Results There were 3,303 cases of ischemic stroke, 593 of which were cardioembolic, and 360 had AF. Of the patients with AF, 258 (71.6%) had a previous diagnosis of the disease, and 102 (28.3%) were newly diagnosed after the stroke. Among patients with a previously-diagnosed AF, 170 (47.2%) were using anticoagulants, and 88 (24.4%) were using other medications. Conclusion During the analyzed period, ischemic stroke caused by AF was a significant burden on the population of Joinville, and a considerable number of patients had undiagnosed or untreated AF.

Resumo Antecedentes A fibrilação atrial (FA) é uma importante causa de acidente vascular cebebral (AVC) cardioembólico, e o envelhecimento populacional aumentou a sua prevalência. Objetivo Avaliar a incidência de AVC cardioembólico causado por FA em Joinville, além dos diagnósticos prévios e do uso de medicamentos. Métodos Entre 2017 e 2020, foram extraídos dados do registro de base populacional de AVC de Joinville. Características demográficas, diagnóstico de FA e padrões de uso de medicamentos foram coletados, e o sistema Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) foi utilizado para classificar a etiologia. Resultados Houve 3.303 casos de AVC isquêmico, sendo 593 cardioembólicos e 360 com FA. Dos pacientes com FA, 258 (71,6%) tinham diagnóstico prévio da doença, e 102 (28,3%) foram recém-diagnosticados após o AVC. Entre os pacientes com FA previamente diagnosticada, 170 (47,2%) estavam em uso de anticoagulante, e 88 (24,4%), em uso de outra medicação. Conclusão Durante o período analisado, o AVC isquêmico causado por FA foi um ônus significativo para a população de Joinville, e um número considerável de pacientes apresentava FA não diagnosticada ou não tratada.

Kawasaki-Like Disease, a New Phenotype in Sars-CoV-2?

Abstract The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), that assumed pandemic proportions in March 2020, mainly affects the respiratory tract, causing severe interstitial pneumonia in adults. Worldwide data indicate that COVID-19 tends to be more benign in children, which is evidenced by a high incidence of asymptomatic or mild upper airways' infection cases in this population. However, recent studies have been associating Kawasaki-like symptoms as a nonclassical presentation of coronavirus disease in pediatrics. It is suggested that the intense cytokine cascade, promoted by the SARS-CoV-2 infection, can trigger a multisystem inflammatory response as an atypical Kawasaki form in genetically predisposed individuals. In this context, patients may develop more severe clinical features with a greater predisposition to myocardial involvement, Macrophage Activation Syndrome, and Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome. Despite critical conditions, patients usually respond to conventional treatment of Kawasaki Disease with intravenous immunoglobulin. This article intends to provide an approach to the association between Kawasaki-Like Syndrome and COVID-19.

Suplementação de sulfato ferroso na gestação e anemia gestacional: uma revisão de literatura / Ferrous sulfate supplementation in pregnancy and gestational anemia: a systematic review

Este estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a influência da suplementação de ferro na prevenção da anemia ferropriva na gestação e seus efeitos associados na saúde do binômio mãe e feto. Para tanto, foram consultadas as bases de dados PUBMED, MEDLINE, SCIELO com os descritores "anemia", "pregnancy" e "ferrous sulfate", e selecionados os estudos que avaliavam os benefícios, malefícios e/ou a necessidade da suplementação ferrosa durante a gestação. Dos duzentos e um (201) artigos selecionados, onze (11) se enquadravam nos critérios. Dentre esses, quatro (04) abordaram apenas aspectos positivos, quatro (04) somente a perspectiva negativa e três (03) apresentaram ambos os lados. Ademais, oito (08) artigos fizeram ressalvas que contrapõem o atual modelo de uso rotineiro no Brasil, evidenciando que a suplementação individual de ferro seja preferida à rotineira. Isso porque, embora a anemia seja apontada como geradora de abortos espontâneos, restrição de crescimento intrauterino, parto pré-termo, pré-eclâmpsia, dentre outros, a suplementação também pode gerar efeitos negativos, os quais são resultantes tanto da hemoconcentração ­ em função do aumento expressivo dos níveis de hemoglobina ­ quanto dos efeitos colaterais da suplementação, como náuseas, vômitos, dor abdominal e constipação. Ainda, não houveram diferenças nos valores de hemoglobina e de prevalência de anemia significantes nos estudos avaliados, nem desfechos clinicamente relevantes em gestantes não anêmicas que receberam profilaxia com sulfato ferroso. Desse modo, o uso individualizado de acordo com cada paciente é mais plausível, pois a forma rotineira negligencia aspectos individuais, como a melhor frequência de uso, a demanda e os efeitos colaterais.

This study aimed to realize a literature review about the influence of iron supplementation on the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy and its associated effects on the health of the mother and fetus binomial. Therefore, were consulted the databases PUBMED, MEDLINE and SCIELO with the descriptors "anemia", "pregnancy" and "ferrous sulfate", selecting the studies that evaluated the benefits, harms and/or the necessity of ferrous supplementation during pregnancy. Of the two hundred and one (201) selected articles, eleven (11) fit the criteria. Among these, four (04) addressed only positive aspects, four (04) only negative perspective and three (03) presented both sides. In addition, eight (08) articles made caveats that counterpose the current model of routine use in Brazil, evidencing that individual iron supplementation is preferred to routine. This because, although anemia is pointed as generating spontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, among others, supplementation can also generate negative effects, both of which result from hemoconcentration ­as a function of increased hemoglobin levels- as well as the side effects of supplementation, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and constipation. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in hemoglobin values and prevalence of anemia in the studies evaluated nor clinically relevant outcomes in non-anemic pregnant women who received prophylaxis with ferrous sulfate yet. In this way, the individualized use according to each patient is more plausible, since the routine way neglects individual aspects, such as the best frequency of use, the demand and the side effects.