Efficacy of the herbicides indaziflam and clomazone on problematic weeds of family poaceae to sugarcane crop

It is believed that indaziflam gives a longer period of weed control compared to clomazone, irrespective of the type or texture of the soil. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate pre-emergent control in five problematic weed species of family Poaceae to sugarcane, using the herbicides indaziflam and clomazone in two soils of different textures. Two experiments were carried out, one in a soil of a sandy-loam texture and the other in a clayey soil. For both experiments, a randomised block design of split plots was chosen, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the herbicides indaziflam (75 and 100 g ai ha-1), clomazone (1080 g ai ha-1) and a control with no herbicide. In the subplots, the treatments were Digitaria horizontalis, Panicum maximum, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Urochloa decumbens and Urochloa plantaginea. Both herbicides were more effective in the clayey soil, but with indaziflam (100 g ai ha-1), more than 90% control of the weeds remained after 240 days after application (DAA), whereas for clomazone, control remained only up to 90 DAA. The herbicide clomazone did not satisfactorily control the weeds in the sandy-loam soil. The herbicide indaziflam did not control U. decumbens in the sandy-loam soil. D. horizontalis and R. cochinchinensis were the most sensitive species to the herbicide indaziflam, irrespective of soil texture.

Chemical management of Cyperus rotundus L. and other weeds at sugarcane in PSS system

Among the main weeds with difficult to control in the sugarcane fields can be cited purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). This specie was observed in the seed bank in sugarcane fields harvested with or without burning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides in pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) of sugarcane in the control of C. rotundus and other weeds. The work was carried out in the field, in a randomized complete block design, and four replications. The treatments corresponded to the herbicides applied in pre-planting: sulfentrazone (800 g a.i. ha-1), diclosulam (193.17 g a.i. ha-1), imazapic (133 g a.i. ha-1) and imazapyr (500 g a.e. ha-1); post-planting: halosulfuron (112.5 g a.i. ha-1), ethoxysulfuron (135 g a.i. ha-1), MSMA (1,975 g a.i. ha-1) and 2,4-D (1,340 g a.e. ha-1); besides a control treatment weeding and another without weeding. The symptoms of injury on sugarcane plants, percentage of weed control, variables related to agronomic performance of sugarcane, and yield were evaluated. The herbicides diclosulam, imazapic, and imazapyr caused serious damage to the crop. The halosulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, MSMA, and 2,4-D did not cause symptoms of injury to sugarcane, however, the treatments had a reduced yield due to the low weed control. The sulfentrazone treatment obtained the second highest yield but with effective weed control (>70%) up to 45 days after planting. The best controls were obtained with pre-planting treatments; however, herbicide positioning studies should be performed in relation to PSS.

Herbicide management in glyphosate and sulfonylurea-tolerant soybeans / Manejo de herbicidas em soja tolerante a glifosato e sulfonilureias

There is little information on the efficacy and selectivity of sulfonylureas, isolated and in association with glyphosate, in glyphosate and sulfonylurea-tolerant soybeans. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of weed control and selectivity of sulfonylureas, isolated and in association with glyphosate, at post-emergence (V4) of RR2/STS soybean. The experiments were conducted in the in areas located in Piracicaba City, São Paulo State (SP), Brazil (experiment I) and Palotina City, Paraná State (PR), Brazil (experiment II). Treatments were composed of application of the herbicides sulfometuron, chlorimuron, halosulfuron, ethoxysulfuron and glyphosate, isolated and in association, in the BMX Garra RR2/STS cultivar. Experiment I was conducted focusing on the evaluation of the efficacy of weed control; whereas experiment II focused mainly on the evaluation of herbicide selectivity. The experimental design was the randomized complete block, with four replications. Crop injury, weed control, and variables related to agronomic performance were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the means of the treatments were compared with the Tukey test. Sulfonylureas in association with glyphosate were effective in weed control and selective for the BMX Garra RR2/STS soybean cultivar. The sulfometuron + chlorimuron + glyphosate association presented phytotoxic potential for the BMX Garra RR2/STS cultivar.(AU)

Há poucas informações sobre a eficácia e seletividade de sulfonilureias, isoladas e associadas ao glifosato, na soja tolerante ao glifosato e às sulfonilureias. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia no controle de plantas daninhas e seletividade de sulfonilureias, isoladas e em associação com o glifosato, em pós-emergência (V4) de soja RR2/STS. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em áreas localizadas nos municípios de Piracicaba, São Paulo (SP), Brasil (experimento I) e Palotina, Paraná (PR), Brasil (experimento II). Os tratamentos foram compostos pela aplicação dos herbicidas sulfometurom, clorimurom, halossulfurom, etoxissulfurom e glifosato, isolados e em associação, no cultivar BMX Garra RR2/STS. O experimento I foi realizado com o foco principal na avaliação da eficácia no controle de plantas daninhas; ao passo que o experimento II se concentrou principalmente na avaliação da seletividade dos herbicidas. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados sintomas de injúria, controle de plantas daninhas e variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho agronômico. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Sulfonilureias associadas ao glifosato foram eficazes no controle de plantas daninhas e seletivas para o cultivar de soja BMX Garra RR2/STS. A associação sulfometurom + clorimurom + glifosato apresentou potencial fitotóxico para o cultivar BMX Garra RR2/STS.(AU)

Produtividade e teor de nutrientes do milho em consórcio com braquiária / Nutritional efficiency of maize in intercropping with signalgrass

Nos cultivos consorciados, a competição entre as espécies pelos recursos do meio pode inviabilizar o sistema. A intensidade da interferência de uma espécie sobre a outra, resultante dessa competição, depende da densidade populacional das espécies componentes do sistema. Na busca de melhor entendimento desses efeitos, avaliaram-se os efeitos de densidades de U. brizantha sobre o crescimento da forrageira e a eficiência nutricional e produtividade do milho em sistema consorciado. Os tratamentos foram casualizados em blocos com quatro repetições. O milho DHB 390 RR foi semeado no espaçamento de 0,50m e na população de 60000 plantas ha-1, sendo o plantio da braquiária realizado manualmente na linha de plantio. As avaliações nutricionais foram realizadas aos 60 dias após o plantio das espécies (DAP) e a produtividade de grãos do milho e a matéria seca da braquiária foi mensurada aos 160 DAP. A matéria seca da braquiária apresentou comportamento quadrático com o aumento da densidade de plantio. O aumento da densidade da U. brizantha resultou em redução linear dos teores de nitrogênio, fósforo, cálcio e magnésio em plantas de milho, no entanto, sem alterar os teores de potássio e enxofre. A produtividade de grãos foi afetada negativamente em densidade de braquiária superior a 15 plantas m-2. Conclui-se que a interferência da U. brizantha sobre o milho, em plantio simultâneo, reduz os teores de fósforo, cálcio e magnésio, independente da densidade de plantas. A produtividade de grãos e o teor de nitrogênio foram reduzidos em densidades de braquiária superiores a 15 plantas m-2 .

In intercropping competition among species for environmental resources can cripple the system. The amount of interference of one species over another as a result of this competition depends on the species population density which composed the system. In the search for better understanding these effects it was evaluated the effects of U. brizantha densities on forage growth and nutritional efficiency and productivity of maize in intercropping system. The treatments were randomized in blocks with four replications. The DHB 390 RR corn was sown at a spacing of 0.50m in the population of 60.000 plants ha-1, with the planting of brachiaria performed manually in rows. Nutritional assessments were performed at 60 after planting the species (DAP) and grain yield of maize and dry weight was measured for brachiaria 160 DAP. The dry matter brachiaria presented quadractricaly behaviour with the increasing planting density. The increased density of U. brizantha resulted in a linear reduction of the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in maize plants, however, without changing the levels of potassium and sulfur. Grain yield was negatively affected in density of more than 15 plants m-2 brachiaria. It is concluded that the interference of U. brizantha on corn planting simultaneously, reduces the levels of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium independent of density. Grain yield and total nitrogen were reduced by brachiaria densities higher than 15 plants m-2 .

Tumor fibroso solitário renal: relato de caso clínico / Solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney: a case report

We describe a case report of a rare cancer affecting the kidney of 63 years of age patient who underwent imaging studies from ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, due to complaints: left back pain and urinary obstruction. Sonographic and radiological features of the mass found suggested the diagnosis of a malignant tumor of parenchymal origin. The pathological and immunohistochemical studies of the resected anatomical specimen, however, diagnosed a rare benign variant of solitary fibrous tumor originating in the inferior pole of the left kidney...

Descrevemos o relato de caso de uma rara neoplasia acometendo o rim de um paciente de 63 anos de idade que foi submetido a estudos de imagem por ultrassonografia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética nuclear devido às queixas apresentadas: dor lombar à esquerda e alterações miccionais sugestivas de obstrução infravesical. As características ultrassonográficas e radiológicas da massa encontrada sugeriam o diagnóstico de uma neoplasia maligna de origem parenquimatosa. O estudo anatomopatológico e imuno-histoquímico da peça anatômica ressecada, entretanto, concluiu o quadro como variante benigna do raro tumor fibroso solitário originário do polo inferior do rim esquerdo...

Efeitos de herbicidas na atividade da microbiota rizosférica e no crescimento da cana-de-açùcar / Herbicide effects on the atividadade rhizospheric microbial and growth of sugar cane

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar os efeitos de herbicidas na atividade da microbiota rizosférica e no crescimento da cana-de-açúcar. Para isso, sete herbicidas (tembotrione, MSMA, diuron+hexazinone, sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron-sodiun, tebuthiuron e clomazone) foram aplicados em pós-emergência da cana-de-açúcar cultivada em vaso contendo 12 dm3 de substrato (solo + fertilizantes). Foram avaliados os efeitos desses produtos na evolução do CO2 do solo (C-CO2), no carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), no quociente metabólico (qCO2), na atividade da enzima fosfomonoesterase ácida do solo rizosférico em amostras de solo coletadas aos 44 dias após aplicação dos herbicidas (DAT) e os efeitos no crescimento aos 77 DAT. Inicialmente os herbicidas MSMA, clomazone, sulfentrazone e trifloxysulfuron-sodium causaram intoxicação à cultura. Todavia, apenas nas plantas tratadas com o trifloxysulfuron-sodium esses sintomas permaneceram visíveis no momento da colheita do experimento. Quanto aos efeitos dos herbicidas sobre a atividade da microbiota rizoférica da cana-de-açúcar, o sulfentrazone e tebuthiuron reduziram a C-CO2 e o MSMA, tebuthiuron e clomazone reduziram o CBM do solo. O clomazone foi o herbicida que causou o maior impacto na atividade da microbiota, pois aumentou o valor do qCO2. Por outro lado, o sulfentrazone reduziu os valores dessa variável, contribuindo para o equilíbrio da microbiota no solo. Não houve influência dos herbicidas na atividade da fosfomonoesterase ácida do solo rizosférica da cana-de-açúcar.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbicides used in their recommended doses, on the activity of the microbiota and sugar cane growth. For this, seven herbicides (tembotrione, MSMA, hexazinone + diuron, sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron-sodiun, and tebuthiuron cloamzone) were applied in pots containing 12 dm3 substrate (soil + fertilizer) at 50 days after sugarcane planting. The effects of these products on the evolution of soil CO2 (CO2-C), in the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), metabolic quotient (qCO2), enzyme activity in the rhizosphere acid phosphomonoesterase in rhizosphere soil samples collected at 44 days after herbicide application (DAT) and the growth effects at 77 DAT. Initially herbicides MSMA, clomazone, sulfentrazone and trifloxysulfuron-sodium caused poisoning in culture. However, only plants treated with trifloxysulfuron-sodium, these symptoms remained visible at harvest of the experiment. The effects of herbicides on microbial activity rizoferica of sugar cane, sulfentrazone and tebuthiuron reduced CO2-C and MSMA herbicide clomazone and reduced the CBM soil. The herbicide clomazone was that caused the greatest impact on microbial activity because of the increased value qCO2. Moreover, the sulfentrazone reduced values of that variable, contributing to the balance of microflora in the soil. No influence of herbicides on the activity of acid phosphomonoesterase rhizospheric on the sugarcane soil.

Meia-vida do diuron em solos com diferentes atributos físicos e químicos / Half - life of diuron in soils with different physical and chemical attributes

A distribuição e a dissipação dos herbicidas nos solos são processos dinâmicos e únicos para cada relação solo-herbicida. Neste trabalho, a meia-vida do diuron foi determinada em cinco solos (Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, Latossolo Vermelho e Latossolo Amarelo), com diferentes valores de pH. As concentrações do diuron foram determinadas em amostras dos referidos solos coletadas em oito épocas (1, 8, 15, 22, 36, 66, 96 e 156 dias após a aplicação do herbicida na dose 3,0kg ha-1). Em uma parte dessas amostras, foi feita a quantificação do diuron por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e, na outra parte, os testes biológicos, visando à confirmação dos resultados das análises cromatográficas. Constatou-se que a persistência do diuron é dependente dos atributos físicos e químicos dos solos. Todavia, a correção do pH do solo favoreceu apenas a degradação do herbicida em solos arenosos com baixo teor de matéria orgânica. A meia-vida do diuron nos solos estudados variou de 40 a 91 após a sua aplicação, sendo maior no solo com maior teor de matéria orgânica. Esses resultados foram confirmados pelos testes biológicos que se mostraram eficientes e complementares às análises cromatográficas.

The distribution and dissipation of herbicides on soils are dynamic and unique processes for each soil-herbicide relation. In this research, the half-life of diuron was determined in five soils (Red-Yellow Latosol, Red Latosol, and Yellow Latosol), with different pH values. Diuron concentrations were determined in samples of each soil collected at eight different times (1, 8, 15, 22, 36, 66, 96 and 156 days after herbicide application at 3.0kg ha-1). Part of each soil sample was used to quantify diuron by high performance liquid chromatography. The other part of soil sample was used to do biological tests in order to confirm the results of chromatographic analysis. It was found that the persistence of diuron is dependent on the physical and chemical soil attributes. However, the correction of soil pH favored only herbicide degradation in sandy soils with low organic matter content. The half-life of diuron in soils ranged from 40 to 91 after its application and it was higher in soil with higher organic matter content. The biological tests confirmed these results and they were efficient and complementary to the chromatographic analysis.

Adenolipoma da glândula tireoide: relato de caso / Adenolipoma of the thyroid gland: a case report

Os adenolipomas tireoidianos são neoplasias raras e benignas, compostas de tecido adiposo maduro e folículos tireoidianos, de histogênese ainda indefinida, que acometem geralmente pacientes adultas do sexo feminino. Relata-se um caso de adenolipoma tireoidiano em paciente feminina de 65 anos de idade, discutindo-se os aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais e o diagnóstico diferencial.

Adenolipomas of the thyroid gland are rare and benign neoplasms composed of mature adipose tissue and thyroid follicles, with histogenesis still unknown. It commonly affects adult female patients. We report a case of adenolipoma of the thyroid gland in a 65 year-old female patient and discuss its clinical and laboratorial aspects and differential diagnosis.