Características de las adolescentes embarazadas de un área de salud / Characteristics of Pregnant Adolescents in a Health Area

Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia se ha convertido en un fenómeno de alcance mundial, lo que ha traído aparejado el aumento de las complicaciones propias de una gestación en este período de la vida; de ahí la importancia del estudio constante del comportamiento de este suceso. Objetivo: Identificar el comportamiento de importantes variables relativas a las embarazadas adolescentes. Métodos: Se efectuó una investigación descriptiva transversal en el Policlínico Docente 30 de Noviembre de Santiago de Cuba, durante los años 2016 y 2017, a partir de las historias obstétricas de las adolescentes que se embarazaron y parieron en esos años. Se seleccionaron variables de interés como edad, edad gestacional a la captación, edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales, escolaridad, deserción escolar, evaluación nutricional a la captación, además de la edad de la pareja sexual y el peso del niño al nacer. Resultados: Las adolescentes mostraron una media de inicio de las relaciones sexuales de 15,7 años de edad, el mayor por ciento de deserciones escolares fue en la secundaria básica, las edades de las parejas sexuales entre 20 y 39 años tuvo mayor frecuencia y las que fueron evaluadas con peso deficiente a la captación aportaron mayor cantidad de recién nacidos con bajo peso. Conclusiones: El estudio frecuente del comportamiento del embarazo en la etapa de adolescencia es determinante en el enfrentamiento a este fenómeno y constituye un arma esencial para el mejoramiento del estado de salud de la población en este grupo de edad(AU)

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy has become a worldwide phenomenon, which has brought about the increase in complications typical of childbearing in this period of life; hence, the importance of constant study about the behavior of this event. Objective: To identify the behavior of important variables concerning pregnant adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive research was carried out at 30 de Noviembre Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, during the years 2016 and 2017, based on the obstetric histories of the adolescents who became pregnant and gave birth in those years. Variables of interest were selected, such as age, gestational age at first prenatal visit, age of onset of sexual intercourse, schooling, dropout, nutritional assessment at first prenatal visit, in addition to the age of the sexual partner and the child weight at birth. Results: The adolescents showed a mean of onset of sexual relations of 15.7 years, the highest percentage of school dropouts corresponded to the basic secondary school, the ages of their sexual partners between 20 and 39 years were more frequent, and those were evaluated with deficient weight at first prenatal visit contributed a greater number of newborns with low weight. Conclusions: The frequent study of pregnancy background in the adolescent stage is decisive in coping with this phenomenon and constitutes an essential resource for improving the health status of the population in this age group(AU)

Structural and Gene Characterization of a New Antifungal Peptide Obtained from Penicillium crustosum FP11 Strain

A novel antifungal peptide, PcAFP (6.48 kDa, pI 8.83 ), was obtained from the culture supernatant of the fungus Penicillium crustosum . The gene encoding the PcAFP peptide was isolated b ased on its homologue in Penicillium chrysogenum , PgAFP. PcAFP is a small, cystine-rich peptide, and th e mature peptide consists of 58 amino acid residues. The i mmature P. crustosum antifungal protein (AFP) showed 95.65% identity to the antifungal prote in of P. chrysogenum , while the mature peptide showed 98.28% identity with PgAFP. Molecular modeling of the tertiary structure of the mature peptide revealed details of the conserved stru cture of the AFPs, such as the ? -barrel motif stabilized by three disulfide bonds and the ? -core motif. Analysis of the extract by 16% tricine SD S- PAGE showed a 6.9 kDa peptide, which was close to the pr edicted molecular mass of the mature peptide of 6.48 kDa. Assays of antimicrobial activity , performed by broth microdilution using the crude extract obtained from the culture medium, showe d activity against Candida albicans . These results demonstrate the conservation of the PcAPF gene and the high level of identity with the PgAFP antifungal protein of P. chrysogenum . Given these structural and biochemical characteristics, PcAFP could be a potential candidate for future investigations that may aid in the development of new antifungal compounds.

Enhance of Cellulase Production and Biomass Degradation by Transformation of the Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30∆ zface1 Strain

Abstract The second-generation bioethanol employs lignocellulosic materials degraded by microbial cellulases in their production. The fungus Trichoderma reesei is one of the main microorganisms producing cellulases, and its genetic modification can lead to the optimization in obtaining hydrolytic enzymes. This work carried out the deletion of the sequence that encodes the zinc finger motif of the transcription factor ACE1 (cellulase expression repressor I) of the fungus T. reesei RUT-C30. The transformation of the RUT-C30 lineage was confirmed by amplification of the 989 bp fragment relative to the selection marker, and by the absence of the zinc finger region amplification in mutants, named T. reesei RUT-C30Δzface1. The production of cellulases by mutants was compared to RUT-C30 and measured with substrates carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel®) and Whatman filter paper (PF). The results demonstrated that RUT-C30Δzface1 has cellulolytic activity increased 3.2-fold in Avicel and 2.1-fold in CMC and PF. The mutants presented 1.4-fold higher sugar released in the hydrolysis of the biomass assays. These results suggest that the partial deletion of ace1 gene is an important strategy in achieving bioethanol production on an industrial scale at a competitive price in the fuel market.

Factores de riesgo asociados al bajo peso al nacer en un área de salud de Santiago de Cuba / Risk factors associated with low birth weight in an health area from Santiago de Cuba

Introducción: El bajo peso al nacer constituye en todo el mundo y grupos de poblaciones el índice más importante para determinar las posibilidades que tiene el recién nacido de sobrevivir y tener un crecimiento sano. Objetivo: Identificar algunos factores de riesgo sociobiológicos asociados al bajo peso al nacer en el área de salud del Policlínico Docente 30 de Noviembre de Santiago de Cuba durante el 2016. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, de casos y controles. Se escogieron como controles a las 8 puérperas que aportaron igual cantidad de recién nacidos con bajo peso y como controles a 16 de las madres cuyo producto de la concepción tuvo un peso normal en igual período. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: edad materna, antecedentes obstétricos desfavorables, enfermedades previas asociadas y propias del embarazo, edad gestacional en el momento del parto y estado nutricional. Resultados: En la serie predominaron las enfermedades previas y propias del embarazo, fundamentalmente la anemia y la infección vaginal; mientras que el parto pretérmino tuvo alta significación estadística. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgos biológicos con mayor fuerza de asociación fueron la malnutrición por defecto durante la captación, las enfermedades previas y asociadas al embarazo; en tanto, entre los factores con significación estadística predominaron la prematuridad y el período intergenésico corto, no así los antecedentes obstétricos desfavorables. Existió correlación entre la edad gestacional, el bajo peso al nacer, la presencia de partos pretérminos y el crecimiento intrauterino retardado.

Introduction: Low birth weight constitutes in the entire world and populational groups the most important index to determine the possibilities that the newborn has to survive and to have a healthy growth. Objective: To identify some social and biological risk factors associated with low birth weight in the health area from 30 de Noviembre Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba during 2016. Methods: An analytic study of cases and controls was carried out. The 8 postpartum women who contributed with the same quantity of underweight newborns and as controls 16 of the mothers whose product of the conception had a normal weight in same period were chosen. Among the analyzed variables there were: maternal age, unfavorable obstetric history, associated previous diseases and diseases characterizing pregnancy, gestational age at childbirth and nutritional state. Results: Previous diseases and diseases characterizing pregnancy, fundamentally anemia and vaginal infection prevailed in the series; while preterm childbirth had a high statistical significance. Conclusions: Biological risk factors with greater association force were malnutrition defect during registration, the previous diseases and those associated with pregnancy; as long as, among the factors with statistical significance prematurity and the short intergenesis prevailed, what did not occur with the unfavorable obstetric history. Correlation existed between gestational age, low birth weight, the presence of preterm childbirths and the slowed intra-uterine growth.

Una importante reflexión sobre la actividad investigativa en la Atención Primaria de Salud / An important reflection on the investigative activity in the Primary Health Care

Como parte de la especialización en medicina general integral, la investigación es una herramienta que le permite a los futuros especialistas la constante búsqueda y solución de los problemas científicos referidos a sus pacientes, familias, comunidades y ambientes. Con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre algunos fundamentos éticos vinculados al proceso de investigación en salud se realizó este estudio, donde se ofrecen argumentos sobre las intervenciones comunitarias que se ejecutan en la Atención Primaria de Salud, con el propósito de modificar conocimientos en los individuos mediante la continua exploración de estilos de vida más saludables. También se hace referencia al papel del tutor como componente vital en la adecuada planificación y ejecución de la actividad investigativ

As part of the specialization in general comprehensive medicine, investigation is a tool that allows to the future specialists the constant search and solution to the scientific problems regarding his patients, families, communities and atmospheres. With the objective of meditating on some ethical bases linked to the investigation process in health this study was carried out, where arguments are offered on the community interventions which take place in the Primary Health Care, with the purpose of modifying knowledge in the individuals by means of the continuous exploration of healthier lifestyles. Reference is also made to the tutor's role as vital component in the appropriate planning and implementation of the investigative activity

Neurotrophin expression and histomorphometric evaluation in Wistar rats subjected to neural mobilization after compression of the median nerve / Expressão de neurotrofinas e avaliação histomorfométrica em ratos Wistar submetidos à mobilização neural após compressão do nervo mediano

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the neurotrophin mRNA expression and axon count in the median nerve of Wistar rats submitted to neural mobilization (NM) after nerve compression. Methods: Eighteen animals were randomly divided into G1 (nerve compression only), G2 (NM for 1 min), and G3 (NM for 3 min). For NM, the animals were anesthetized and the right scapula received the mobilization, adapted as indicated for humans, on alternate days, from the third to the 13th postoperative (PO) day, totaling six days of therapy. On the 14th PO day, animals were anesthetized and euthanized. Fragments of the median nerve, distal to the compression procedure, were removed for histomorphometric analysis and expression of neurotrophins, nerve growth factor (NGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by RT-PCR. Results: Histomorphometric analysis revealed differences in the number of axons in the injured side, which was significantly lower in the injured limb nerve compared to the control limb, whereas the RT-PCR analysis showed no significant differences in the expression of NGF or BDNF. Conclusion: NM treatment did not affect median nerve regeneration, which maintained normal recovery rates.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a expressão de RNAm de neurotrofinas e a contagem de axônios no nervo mediano de ratos Wistar submetidos à mobilização neural (MN) após compressão nervosa. Métodos: Foram divididos aleatoriamente 18 animais em G1 (apenas compressão nervosa), G2 (MN por 1 minuto) e G3 (MN por 3 minutos). Para a MN, os animais foram anestesiados e o membro escapular direito recebeu a mobilização, adaptada da forma indicada para humanos, em dias alternados, do terceiro ao 13° dia de pós-operatório (PO), em seis dias de terapia. No 14° dia PO, os animais foram anestesiados e eutanasiados. Fragmentos do nervo mediano, distais ao procedimento de compressão, foram retirados para análise histomorfométrica e de expressão das neutrotrofinas, fator de crescimento do nervo (NGF) e fator de crescimento derivado do cérebro (BNDF) por RT-PCR. Resultados: A análise histomorfométrica evidenciou diferenças no número de axônios nos lados lesionados, que foi significativamente menor no nervo do membro lesado comparado com o membro controle; por sua vez, a análise por RT-PCR não apontou diferenças significativas na expressão de NGF e nem de BNDF. Conclusão: O tratamento de MN não afetou a regeneração do nervo mediano, que manteve índices normais de recuperação.

Analysis of the muscle tissue of Wistar rats submitted to the sciatic nerve compression model and cryotherapy / Análise do tecido muscular de ratos Wistar submetidos ao modelo de compressão do nervo isquiático e à crioterapia

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of right sciatic nerve compression and cryotherapy on muscle tissue. Methods: We used 42 male Wistar rats, subdivided in the following Groups Control, Injury 3, Injury 8 and Injury 15 submitted to nerve compression and euthanized in the 3rd, 8th and 15th day after surgery. The Cryotherapy Injury 3 was entailed treatment with cryotherapy by immersion of the animal in recipient for 20 minutes during 1 day, then animals were euthanized at the 3rd day after surgery, and the Cryotherapy Injury 8 and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 was treated for 6 days, and euthanized at the 8th and 15th day after surgery. Functional evaluation was performed by the grasping strength of the right pelvic limb. The right tibialis anterior muscles were evaluated for mass, smaller diameter and cross-sectional area. In the Cryotherapy Injury 8 and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 groups, the hydroxyproline was dosed in the right soles. Results: In the compression there was a significant difference in the Injury Groups compared with the Control Group (p<0.05). In the smaller diameter, the compression in Control Group was higher than Injury 8 (p=0.0094), Injury 15 (p=0.002) and Cryotherapy Injury 15 (p<0.001) groups. The comparison between groups with euthanasia in the same post-operative period, a significant difference (p=0.0363) was seen in day 8th after surgery, and this result in Cryotherapy Injury Group was greater than Injury Group. In the fiber area, Control Group was also higher than the Injury 8 (p=0.0018), the Injury 15 (p<0.001) and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 (p<0.001). In hydroxyproline, no significant difference was seen between groups. Conclusion: Nerve damage resulted in decreased muscle strength and trophism, the cryotherapy delayed hypotrophy, but this effect did not persist after cessation of treatment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da compressão nervosa do isquiático direito e da crioterapia no tecido muscular. Métodos: Foram utilizados 42 ratos Wistar machos, subdivididos nos Grupos Controle, Lesão 3, Lesão 8 e Lesão 15, submetidos a compressão nervosa e eutanasiados, respectivamente, no 3°, 8° e 15° dias pós-operatório; Lesão Crioterapia 3, tratado com crioterapia, por imersão durante 20 minutos, por 1 dia, e eutanasiados no 3° dia pós-operatório; e Lesão Crioterapia 8 e Lesão Crioterapia 15, tratados durante 6 dias e eutanasiados no 8° e 15° dias pós-operatório. A avaliação funcional foi realizada pela força de preensão do membro pélvico direito. Os músculos tibiais anteriores direitos foram avaliados quanto a massa, menor diâmetro e área de secção transversa. Em Lesão Crioterapia 8 e Lesão Crioterapia 15, foi dosada a hidroxiprolina nos sóleos direitos. Resultados: Na preensão, houve diferença significativa nos Grupos Lesão quando comparados ao Grupo Controle (p<0,05). No menor diâmetro, o Grupo Controle foi maior que Lesão 8 (p=0,0094), Lesão 15 (p = 0,002) e Lesão Crioterapia 15 (p<0,001). Na comparação entre os grupos com eutanásia no mesmo pós-operatório, houve diferença significativa (p=0,0363) no 8° pós-operatório, sendo Lesão Crioterapia maior que Lesão. Na área das fibras, o Grupo Controle também foi maior que Lesão 8 (p=0,0018), Lesão 15 (p<0,001) e Lesão Crioterapia 15 (p<0,001). Na hidroxiprolina, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: A lesão nervosa resultou na diminuição da força e em trofismo muscular, e a crioterapia retardou a hipotrofia, porém este efeito não se manteve após o tratamento cessar.

Experiencias en el tratamiento con Heberprot-P® en pacientes con pie diabético / Experiences in the treatment with Heberprot-P® in patients with diabetic foot

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo de 65 pacientes con pie diabético tratados con Heberprot-P®, en la consulta para tales fines, del Policlínico Docente 30 de Noviembre de Santiago de Cuba, en el período 2015-2016, con vistas a exponer la experiencia obtenida durante los 2 años de su aplicación. En la casuística predominaron los pacientes de 60-69 años y el sexo masculino, además de la hipertensión arterial, la obesidad y el hábito de fumar como factores de riesgo de mayor incidencia, así como el pie diabético neuroinfeccioso de grado 2, según la clasificación de Mc Cook. Finalmente, con la aplicación de este medicamento se logró el cierre total de la lesión en la mayoría de los afectados (76,9 por ciento) y no ocurrieron efectos adversos

A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study of 65 patients with diabetic foot treated with Heberprot-P®, in the service for such aims, of 30 de Noviembre Teaching Polyclinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, during 2015-2016, aimed at exposing the experience obtained during the 2 years of its use. Patients aged 60-69 and the male sex prevailed in the case material, besides hypertension, obesity and nicotine addiction as risk factors of higher incidence, as well as grade II neuroinfectious diabetic foot, according to Mc Cook classification. Finally, the total closing of the injury was achieved in most of those affected with the use of this medicine (76.9 percent) and there were not adverse effects

Effects of the platelet-rich fibrin associated with physical exercise in a model of median nerve compression

AIMS: Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) is a new and promising technique for tissue repair, however, there is still a gap about its action on peripheral nerve injury, as well as its association with physical exercise. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the PRF associated with physical exercise in a model of median nerve compression. METHODS: 42 rats, divided into: Control, non-injured limb, and other six groups with nerve lesion (Control lesion; Treated with PRF; Treadmill walking; Free swimming; PRF and treadmill; PRF and swimming). The lesion model was performed with median nerve compression. To obtain the PRF, 1.5 mL of blood was centrifuged and the fibrin clot positioned directly over the compression region. The exercise protocols were performed during 2 weeks. The evaluations performed were grip strength tests and histologic analysis. RESULTS: both, grip strength and histomorphometric evaluations (fiber numbers and axon density) did not present significant differences between the treated and lesion groups, however, in the morphological evaluation it was possible to distinguish characteristics of the repair process for the treated groups. CONCLUSION: a slight qualitative improvement was observed for the treated groups, especially when it was associated PRF with free swimming.(AU)

High levels of ß-xylosidase in Thermomyces lanuginosus: potential use for saccharification

ABSTRACT A new strain of Thermomyces lanuginosus was isolated from the Atlantic Forest biome, and its β-xylosidases optimization in response to agro-industrial residues was performed. Using statistical approach as a strategy for optimization, the induction of β-xylosidases activity was evaluated in residual corn straw, and improved so that the optimum condition achieved high β-xylosidases activities 1003 U/mL. According our known, this study is the first to show so high levels of β-xylosidases activities induction. In addition, the application of an experimental design with this microorganism to induce β-xylosidases has not been reported until the present work. The optimal conditions for the crude enzyme extract were pH 5.5 and 60 °C showing better thermostability at 55 °C. The saccharification ability of β-xylosidase in the presence of hemicellulose obtained from corn straw raw and xylan from beechwood substrates showed a xylo-oligosaccharide to xylose conversion yield of 80 and 50%, respectively, at 50 °C. Our data strongly indicated that the β-xylosidases activities was not subjected to the effects of potential enzyme inhibitors often produced during fermentation process. These data suggest the application of this enzyme studied for saccharification of hemicellulose, an abundant residue in the American continents, thus providing an interesting alternative for future tests for energy production.

Avaliação nociceptiva da associação entre exercício físico e fibrina rica em plaquetas em ratos Wistar submetidos ao modelo de compressão de nervo mediano / Nociceptive evaluation of the association between physical exercises and platelet-rich fibrin in Wistar rats submitted to median nerve compression

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Fibrina rica em plaquetas é uma técnica nova e promissora na aceleração do reparo, com possíveis efeitos analgésicos, contudo, ainda há uma lacuna com relação à lesão nervosa periférica, bem como com a associação com exercícios físicos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da fibrina rica em plaquetas associada a exercício físico sobre a nocicepção e o edema, em modelo experimental de compressão do nervo mediano. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 36 ratos, todos submetidos a compressão do nervo mediano e divididos em seis grupos: G1: sem manipulações adicionais; G2: compressão e tratado com fibrina rica em plaquetas; G3: compressão e tratado com natação livre; G4: compressão e exercício de caminhada em esteira; G5: natação livre + fibrina rica em plaquetas; G6: caminhada em esteira + fibrina rica em plaquetas. O modelo de lesão foi realizado com amarria do nervo mediano, com fio catgut 4.0 cromado. Para obtenção da fibrina rica em plaquetas, 1,5mL de sangue foi centrifugado e o coágulo de fibrina foi posicionado diretamente sobre a região da compressão. Os protocolos de exercício foram realizados durante 2 semanas, entre o 3º e 14º dias de pós-operatório. As avaliações nociceptivas e de edema ocorreram, respectivamente, pelo limiar de retirada de pata e pletismometria, nos momentos prévios à lesão, no 3º, 7º e 15º dias de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças entre os grupos, apenas entre as avaliações, denotando que houve aumento da nocicepção e do edema, o qual perdurou ou foi decaindo, respectivamente, com o passar do tempo. CONCLUSÃO: O uso isolado ou associado da fibrina rica em plaquetas com exercícios físicos não produziu alterações na nocicepção e edema.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Platelet-rich fibrin is a new and promising technique to accelerate repair, with possible analgesic effects; however, there is still a gap with regard to peripheral nerve injury and the association with physical exercises. So, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of platelet-rich fibrin associated to physical exercises on nociception and edema in experimental median nerve compression model. METHODS: Thirty-six rats, all submitted to median nerve compression, were divided in six groups: G1: without additional manipulation; G2: compression and treated with platelet-rich fibrin; G3: compression and treated with free swimming; G4: compression and walking on a treadmill; G5: free swimming + platelet-rich fibrin; G6: walking on a treadmill + platelet-rich fibrin. Injury was induced by tying the median nerve with chrome plated catgut 4.0. Platelet-rich fibrin was obtained by centrifuging 1.5 mL of blood and positioning the fibrin clot directly on the compression region. Exercises were carried out during two weeks, between the 3rd and 14th postoperative days. Nociception and edema were evaluated, respectively, by flinch threshold and plethysmometer, in moments before injury and in the 3rd, 7th and 15th postoperative days. RESULTS: There have been no differences among groups, only among evaluations, showing increased nociception and edema, which has lasted or improved, respectively, over time. CONCLUSION: Platelet-rich fibrin alone or associated to physical exercises has not changed nociception and edema.

Repercusión de los factores de riesgo reproductivos del hombre sobre la salud reproductiva de la mujer y su descendencia / Impact of man's reproductive risk factors on the woman's reproductive health and their descendant

Se efectuó un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo, de serie de casos, de 9 parejas pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico "30 de Noviembre" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2012, con vistas a identificar los factores de riesgo reproductivos preconcepcionales del hombre y su repercusión sobre la salud reproductiva de la mujer y su descendencia. En la casuística, los hábitos tóxicos, la violencia intrafamiliar, el no uso del condón, así como las relaciones extramatrimoniales influyeron negativamente en la salud reproductiva de la pareja; en tanto, el conocimiento que poseían los hombres sobre el Programa de Riesgo Reproductivo Preconcepcional fue inadecuado.

A quantitative and qualitative case series study of 9 couples belonging to the health area of "30 de Noviembre" Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2010 to December, 2012, with the aim of identifying the man's preconcepcional reproductive risk factors and their impact on the woman's reproductive health and their descendant. In the case material, the toxic habits, intrafamily violence, not using condom, as well as the extramarital relationships influenced negatively in the couple's reproductive health; while, the knowledge that men had on the Preconcepcional Reproductive Risk Program was inadequate.

Sequence and analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region in the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

This study aimed at the sequence and analysis of the mtDNA control region (CR) of the Diatraea saccharalis. The genome PCR amplification was performed using the complementary primers to the flanking regions of Bombyx mori CR mitochondrial segment. The sequencing revealed that the amplified product was 568 bp long, which was smaller than that observed for B. mori (725 bp). Within the amplified segment, a sequence with 338 nucleotides was identified as the control region, which displayed a high AT content (93.5%). The D. saccharalis mtDNA CR multiple sequence alignment analysis showed that this region had high similarity with the Lepidoptera Cydia pomonella.

A broca da cana, Diatraea saccharalis pertence à família dos lepidópteros. A presença da larva pode ser extremamente destrutiva, chegando a inviabilizar a atividade canavieira, causando prejuízos consideráveis à agroindústria sucro-alcooleira. Atualmente a broca da cana vem sendo extinta da plantação por métodos de controle biológico, entretanto a evolução desses programas depende de maiores conhecimentos básicos da biologia molecular deste inseto. O estudo do segmento do genoma mitocondrial denominado região controle é amplamente utilizado em análises genéticas e filogenéticas em insetos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi sequenciar e analisar a região controle do genoma mitocondrial de Diatraea saccharalis. Esse segmento apresentou 338 nucleotídeos, menor que o observado em Bombyx mori, com conteúdo de 93,5% de A/T. As analises realizadas mostraram que Diatraea saccharalis apresenta 76% de similaridade com Cydia pomonella.

Nuclear halo from Bradysia hygida (Diptera: Sciaridae) salivary gland polytene cells

Observações à microscopia eletrônica e estudos bioquímicos de cromossomos e núcleos sem histonas tem suportado a hipótese que o DNA de eucariotos é organizado em alças associadas com o esqueleto cromossômico ou à matriz nuclear. A observação da matriz nuclear sem a remoção do DNA, através da digestão com enzimas de restrição, apresenta uma figura em halo que representa a liberação das alças de DNA. Um protocolo para a obtenção de halos nucleares de núcleos politênicos de insetos, através da extração de proteínas usando o detergente LIS, é reportado nesse trabalho. Foram realizadas análises utilizando-se microscopia de fluorescência e microscopia de varredura confocal a laser. A extração de halos nucleares foi possível somente com o isolamento da fração nuclear em tampão sem espermina e espermidina. A obtenção de halos nucleares de núcleos politênicos de glândula salivar de Bradysia hygida contribui significativamente para o estudo da estrutura e função dessas organelas tão especiais.

Sarcoma de células sinoviais e trombose venosa profunda: relato de caso / Synovial cells sarcoma and deep venous thrombosis: report of case

Os autores apresentam um caso de sinoviossarcoma na coxa direita de paciente jovem, do sexo feminino, precedido por episódio de trombose venosa femoral, onde, apesar de conduta adequada e em tempo hábil, a evoluçäo näo foi boa, surgindo metástase pélvica, seis meses após o diagnóstico. Descrevem a conduta diagnóstica e a terapêutica adotada, discutindo-a bem como tecem consideraçöes sobre os sarcomas de partes moles em geral, com base na literatura

Ultra estrutura dos mucocitos presentes no epitélio do oviduto de coelha (Lepus cuniculus): observaçöes preliminares / Ultrastructure of mucous cells from the oviduct epithelium of the rabbit (Lepus cuniculus): preliminary study

Os autores observaram a nível da ultra-estrutura os mucocitos presentes nas três porçöes de oviduto da coelha - istmo, ampola e infundíbulo -, com a finalidade de correlacionar os seus aspectos morfológicos aos dados histoquímicos presentes na Literatura. Os resultados indicaram um único tipo de mucocito presente no istmo e de dois tipos na ampola e no infundíbulo. No que diz respeito ao mucocito presente no istmo, foi possível fazer uma correlaçäo com os dados histoquímicos. O mesmo näo ocorreu com os outros tipos encontrados na ampola e no infundíbulo. Os autores referem ainda que a ampola - no que diz respeito a morfologia dos mucocitos - pode ser considerada uma regiäo de transiçäo entre o istmo e o infundíbulo

Aspectos histoquímicos do muco do epitélio de revestimento do oviduto de coelha / Cytochemical observations on the nature of the mucin of the surface epithelium of the rabbit oviduct

Procurou-se detectar, por intermédio de métodos histoquímicos a natureza carboidrática do muco elaborado pelas células secretoras do epitélio que reveste as porçöes do infundíbulo, ampola e istmo do oviduto de coelha em anestro. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que o oviduto de coelha é revestido por uma camada de muco. Este muco está representado por uma fraçäo neutra e outra ácida. Com relaçäo ao componente ácido, encontramos que as três porçöes do oviduto estäo revestidas por carboximucina, sendo que no infundíbulo encontramos também uma sialomucina e na ampola e no istmo uma sulfomucina. Os autores procuram relacionar estes dados com aspectos fisiológicos