Molecular epidemiology of rabies virus isolated of herbivores from Brazilian Amazon / Epidemiologia molecular de vírus da raiva isolados de herbívoros procedentes da Amazônia brasileira

Rabies virus samples (n = 17) A1 to A3 exhibit a similar composition and geographic distribution. Diverse composition of remaining groups of N and G gene is attributable to different sequences used in the alignments for each genomic region. Glycoprotein amino acid sequence showed molecular markers in sub-lineages A2, A3, A4 and A7. This information provides a better comprehension of molecular epidemiology of rabies, starting with the knowledge of viral lineages circulating in the Brazilian Amazon.

Amostras do vírus da raiva (n = 17) isoladas de bovinos (n = 11), equinos (n = 4) e bubalinos (n = 2) procedentes do Pará (n = 7), Tocantins (n = 6) e Rondônia (n = 4) foram submetidas à técnica de RT-PCR para amplificação parcial dos genes da Nucleoproteína (N) e Glicoproteína (G). As sequências nucleotídicas obtidas foram analisadas pelo método de reconstrução filogenética Neighbor-Joining com o modelo evolutivo Kimura 2-parâmetros. Todas as 17 amostras pertenceram ao cluster A, que se encontrou na linhagem associado com morcego hematófago Desmodus rotundus. A análise filogenética baseada nos genes N e G, sugere a presença de cinco sublinhagens (A1-A5) e sete sublinhagens (A1-A7), respectivamente. Quando se compara ambas as filogenias, as sublinhagens A1 até A3 mostram composição e distribuição geográfica concordante, já a diversidade observada na composição das sublinhagens restantes é atribuída ao uso de sequências de diferentes alinhamentos. A glicoproteína mostrou marcadores moleculares nas sublinhagens A2, A3, A4 e A7, o que fornece elementos para melhor compreensão da epidemiologia molecular da raiva das linhagens circulantes na Amazônia Brasileira.

Rabies in humans and non-human in the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon

We evaluate the relationship of positive cases of rabies with the continuing expansion of livestock production, and analyse the trends of this zoonosis in human population in the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. The distribution of rabies cases was recorded between 1999 and 2004. Of 148 cases of rabies, 21% were in humans and 79% in non-human mammals. The rapid growth in livestock numbers seems to be associated with the increase of positive cases in bovine livestock transmitted by vampire bats. This idea is supported by positive and significant relationship of both events in time (p < 0.01), but failed when spatial distribution among regions of the state was considered. However, rabies cases tend to occur toward the northeastern of the state of Pará, where rabies cases are proportionally five times greater than other mesoregions, suggesting that increased livestock production may influence the increase of this zoonosis.