review on antioxidants and their health effects

Background: Literature has focused that oxidative damage is a common factor in the aging process and the formation and development of major diseases. Such a finding encouraged the use of antioxidants to prevent and treat mentioned problems. Several research endeavors have done on the issue to find out any relevant relationship between antioxidant use and human being health especially in the case of preventing premature aging and many kinds of diseases. This study outlines results of representative research studies conducted worldwide to clarify the necessity of antioxidant use in health promotion of human life

Methods: For the purpose a literature review was done through defining an appropriate search strategy to identify existing evidence and key publications on the issue

Results: Study findings revealed that existing literature is not enough to prove the antioxidant usefulness for improving human health outcomes and it seems that other factors including life style should also be considered instead of focusing on isolated antioxidants as single leading factors

Conclusions: It is necessary to obtain comprehensive information from the influencing factors including disease origins, diet and different environmental, individual factors to determine possible effects on health condition or survival

Personnel attitude toward power distance in hospitals affiliated by Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

Background: Human resources have a significant role in improving organizational performance specifically in healthcare institutions. This study aimed to study the hospital staff perception toward power distance in 2016

Methods: A cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted among 668 hospital staff affiliated by Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. A standard questionnaire developed by Hofstede consisted of 31 questions in seven domains including hierarchy, reward, climate, communication, decision making, learning and management was applied to gather data. SPSS Software package version 20 was used to analyze data using descriptive statistics [mean, standard deviation], t-test and ANOVA analysis

Results: Study findings showed a low level of power distance perceived by employees [mean score = 67.6 +/- 2.3]. The most inequality perceived by study staff belonged to decision making aspect and the method of applying managerial authority in the organization

Conclusion: Applying strategies to improve staff participation in work decisions and job responsibilities would help organizations maintain and develop employees with positive perception toward justice

[ impact of organizational reward on employee performance with mediating role of motivation in teaching hospitals of Qazvin]

Introduction: Human resources are the main sources of production and basic capital in every organization. Reward management is one of the effective approaches used by the organizations to attract and retain employees in their work place. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational reward system on performance of administrative and support employee through increasing their motivation in teaching hospitals of Qazvin, 2015

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 326 employees selected from three departments [administrative, support, and management] of 5 teaching hospitals of Qazvin in 2015. The questionnaires used in this study include demographic questionnaire [11 questions related to demographic characteristics], Waruni research questionnaire [8 questions related to organizational reward], Herzberg's two-factor questionnaire [37 questions related to employee motivation], and Stephen's research-based questionnaire [19 questions related to employee performance]. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and LISREL 8.8. To test the study hypothesis, confirmatory factor analysis [CFA] and structural equation modelling [SEM] were applied

Results: Findings revealed that organizational reward [both extrinsic and intrinsic] had an influential effect on the employee motivation. Furthermore, either directly or with mediating role of motivation, organizational reward had a direct significant effect on employee performance [P

Conclusion: Identification and increasing motivating factors in employees, especially those who are under more work pressure, can significantly improve their performance

Facilitators and barriers to implementing clinical governance: a qualitative study among senior managers in Iran

Health care systems should assign quality improvement as their main mission. Clinical governance [CG] is a key strategy to improve quality of health care services. The Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education [MOHME] has promoted CG as a framework for safeguarding quality and safety in all hospitals since 2009. The purpose of this study was to explore perceived facilitators and barriers to implementing CG by deputies for curative affairs of Iranian medical universities. A qualitative study was conducted using face to face interviews with a purposeful sample of 43 deputies for curative affairs of Iranian Medical Universities and documents review. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Five themes were explored including: knowledge and attitude toward CG, culture, organizational factors, managerial factors and barriers. The main perceived facilitating factors were adequate knowledge and positive attitude toward CG, supporting culture, managers' commitment, effective communication and well designed incentives. Perceived barriers were the reverse of facilitators noted above in addition to insufficient resources, legal challenges, workload and parallel quality programs. Successful implementation of CG in Iran will require identifying barriers and challenges existing in the way of CG implementation and try to mitigate them by using appropriate facilitators