RESUMO
Background: Tooth stains on the front teeth are a common esthetic issue caused by tooth discoloration. Good oral hygiene habits, such as brushing your teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and after meals, flossing daily, and using a whitening toothpaste, can help reduce staining and prevent cavities. Material & Methods: Many in-vitro studies has conducted to develop Dente91 Anti-Stain Toothpaste that can help in resolving the issue of demineralization, hypersensitivity, microbial strains, plaque, dental caries/tooth decay, and dental stain more effectively than other marketed products. Its composition includes ingredients such as Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Covarine Blue, Zinc Citrate, Potassium Citrate, and Xylitol. Results: DENTE91 Anti-Stain toothpaste has over 99.9% significant antimicrobial efficacy and effectively reduces demineralization while enhancing the remineralization process. It also provides protection against acid attacks, promotes cell proliferation in NIH/3T3 cells, and shows significant healing activity on dental cavities. Additionally, it has the ability to occlude dentine disc lesions and reduce hypersensitivity. The findings of this study suggest that the toothpaste after using it twice a day for three days removes 63.02 % stains and also shows 80.33% improvement in teeth whitening from baseline.Conclusion: These in-vitro studies of dente91 anti-stain toothpaste concluded that toothpaste helps in resolving demineralization, hypersensitivity, plaque, dental caries/tooth decay, and dental stains. It has antimicrobial activity and teeth whitening effect too
RESUMO
Background: India was the first country to start family planning program in 1952. In the first 50 years there have been many changes in India. The family planning program name was changed from time to time. At the present scenario, its name is Reproductive and Child Health. In this study, authors evaluate utilization of family planning services with an objective to compare distribution of family planning services between the two regions of Uttarakhand: Garhwal and Kumaon.Methods: In this study, data mining was done using secondary database with the permission from International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) NFHS-4 data to carried out during 2015-2016 in Uttarakhand, India and estimate of the values for all the parameters of Family Planning was estimated. A statistical Z-score test was performed in the estimated of proportions in all study parameters of the family planning.Results: The study indicates that between the two divisions Garhwal has more utilization of family planning services as comparatively higher than Kumaon. Pithoragarh from the Kumaon division has more utilization proportion of family planning services in comparison to the other districts in the division, while Almora were recorded as the minimum use of family planning services. Uttarkashi in Garhwal region accounted for major proportion of utilization of family planning services, while Haridwar had minor proportions.Conclusions: Though overall utilization of family planning services of Uttarakhand is far better than other states in India but between the two divisions, Kumaon requires more attention in terms of utilizing services and awareness programmes. In fact, certain districts in Garhwal also require intervention from the Government to improve health quality. Both hilly and urban districts have different issues, which needs to be targeted to improve the health quality of the state.
RESUMO
Introduction: Brachial plexus block is the most preferred anaesthetic technique for upper limb surgeries. Adding adjuvant to local anaesthetics for achial plexus block may enhance the duration and quality of analgesia and also to decrease the dose of postoperative opioid analgesic. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone or dexmedetomidine when added as adjuvant during supraclavicular achial plexus blocks (BPB) in respect to the onset and duration of sensory and motor block along with duration of analgesia. Methods: Sixty ASA physical status I-II patients of age group between 20 to 60 years with elective forearm and hand surgery under achial plexus blocks were randomly allocated into two equal groups in a randomised double blind fashion. Group DM (n = 30), to receive 15 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and 15 ml of 2% lignocaine with Adr + 1 ml of Dexmedetomidine (50mcg) + 1ml distilled water, making a total of 32 ml and another Group DX (n = 25), to receive 15 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and 15 ml of 2% lignocaine with Adr. + 2ml of Dexamethasone (8 mg). A nerve stimulation technique was used in all patients. The onset time and duration of sensory and motor blocks, quality of intraoperative analgesia and duration of analgesia were assessed. Results: The time of onset of sensory and motor block was significantly less in group DM as compared to group DX (P ＜ 0.05). The duration of the sensory and motor block as well as duration of post operative analgesia was significantly more in group DM as compared with group DX (P＜0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between both the groups with respect to the heart rate, mean arterial pressure and spo2. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine 50 g was more effective than dexamethasone 8 mg in extending the duration of supraclavicular achial plexus block and prolonging the duration of post operative analgesia and it also significantly decreases the onset time of block.
RESUMO
Background: Many different treatment modalities have been advocated by different authors from time to time for lumbarspondylolisthesis. Many cases, the condition can be treated conservatively. However, when the symptoms persist, surgeryneeds to be performed. The principle of underlying surgery includes stabilization of the slipping vertebrae. Various operativemethods encompassing this principle include stabilization with pedicle screw fixation and fusion which can either posterolateralor interbody fusion, anterior lumbar interbody fusion, posterior lumbar interbody fusion, or transforaminal lumbar interbodyfusion. The objective of this study was to compare the surgical efficacy in terms of stability and fusion achieved using pediclescrew-rod instrumentation with posterolateral fusion and pedicle screw-rod instrumentation with interbody fusion in lumbarspondylolisthesis and to study THE functional and clinical recovery using the Revised Oswestry Disability Index score.Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between Pediclescrew-rod instrumentation with either posterolateral fusion and interbody fusion after adequate decompression in patient oflumbar spondylolisthesis. All patients as per the inclusion criteria were admitted, underwent surgery between March 2010 andMarch 2012, and were included in the study.Results: The total of 50 patients was included in our study. Both male and female patients were equally distributed in both thegroups, wherein postreolateral fusion had 13 female patients and those with interbody fusion had 13 male patients. Our studyshows marked improvement in Revised Oswestry Disability score postoperatively with good-to-excellent results in both thegroups. We achieved good solid radiological fusion earliest on the 3rd month in both the groups with good stability.Conclusion: Our results showed similar clinical and functional outcome in both the groups with no significant statistical differencefound. However, we conclude that in cases where reduction is required and there is instability affecting the three column ofspine interbody fusions with pedicle screws-rod instrumentation provide a more solid mechanical construct.
RESUMO
Background: The prevalence of back pain has been reported between 49% and 80%. Except for cases that require immediatesurgical intervention, the first-line treatment involves medical choices. 90% of attacks of sciatica respond to conservativemanagement. Surgical intervention when indicated involves discectomy and various operative methods include laminectomydiscectomy, microlumbar discectomy, and microendoscopic discectomy. The objective of this study was to evaluate theadvantages and disadvantages and outcome of the above-mentioned surgical operations for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) andthen, specifically, the outcomes for each of them using Odom’s criteria.Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out between April 2015 and April 2017 to compare the advantages/disadvantages and outcome of various surgical interventions in LDH, namely laminectomy discectomy (Group A), microlumbardiscectomy (Group B), and microendoscopic discectomy (Group C) with each group consisting of 30 patients. All patients wereadmitted as per inclusion criteria.Results: In each group of our study, the mean age and sex distribution were comparable and statistically not significant. Ourstudy showed the post-operative hospital stay and the need for post-operative analgesia was low for microendoscopic surgery,but on long-term evaluation with Odom’s criteria, laminectomy achieved better outcomes than other methods.Conclusion: Our study showed that microlumbar discectomy and microendoscopic discectomy have a better short-term outcomeas compared to laminectomy discectomy. However, long-term results are comparable.
RESUMO
Background: Maternal mortality remains a biggest setback in developing nations like India. Almost 90% of maternal deaths can be prevented by timely intervention, antenatal care acts as an effective tool to reduce both maternal and infant mortality. The objective of this study is to assess the utilization of antenatal care services in two divisions of Uttarakhand: Kumaun and Garhwal.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out using secondary data source i.e. NFHS-4 data of Uttarakhand which is divided into two regions, Garhwal and Kumaun. Statistical test i.e. Z-test is used for the comparison between two regions and within inter districts of Uttarakhand.Result: The results of this study indicates that between the two regions i.e Kumaun has better utilization of maternal health care facilities. Nainital district recorded best and Pithoragarh district recorded the least utilization of ANC services in Kumaun division. In Garhwal division, district Chamoli and Dehradun recorded highest utilization of maternal health care services whereas Rudraprayag and Tehri-Garhwal had discouraging statistics.Conclusion: Uttarakhand has immensely progressed in terms of maternal health in recent times; still there are some key areas that require immediate attention. Certain districts in both Garhwal and Kumaun division need assistance to improve maternal health care seeking behavior amongst the mother and the family. Dissemination of information and benefits regarding the utilization of ANC services should be encouraged to achieve a reduction in maternal mortality.