An unusual cause of gastric outlet obstruction: a case report.

We report the case of a 49-year-old male who presented with pain in the upper abdomen and loss of appetite of 1 month's duration. A diagnosis of an unusual amoebic liver abscess was made. The patient recovered well after aspiration of 600 ml of anchovy sauce pus and treatment with metronidazole.

Current status of Anopheles stephensi response to various insecticides in some areas of the Thar desert.

Investigations on the current response of A. stephensi. to six insecticides viz. DDT, dieldrin, malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur and permethrin, were carried out in 3 districts i.e. Barmer, Jodhpur and Pali, of the Thar desert. The species was found resistant to DDT and dieldrin, partially resistant to malathion and susceptible to fenitrothion, propoxur and permethrin. Dieldrin and malathion resistance has been detected for the first time in the Thar desert. Lethal concentrations (LC50 & LC95) of DDT and dieldrin and lethal exposure times (LT50 & LT95) of malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur and permethrin have been determined. In some areas, the differences in LC50 and LT50 values of tested insecticides, except fenitrothion, were found statistically significant. Chi-square and regression tests have revealed the homogeniety and linear trend respectively in the response of A. stephensi to insecticides. The findings of the study indicate that organochlorine compounds can be used alternately in the spray operations.

Susceptibility status of Phlebotomus papatasi and Sergentomyia punjabaensis (Diptera:Psychodidae) to some insecticides in district Bikaner (Rajasthan).

Susceptibility tests were carried out on the females of two species of sandflies viz. Phlebotomus papatasi and Sergentomyia punjabaensis against six insecticides viz. DDT, dieldrin (organochlorines); malathion, fenitrothion (organophosphates); propoxur (carbamate) and permethrin (synthetic pyrethroid) in district Bikaner, Rajasthan. A concentration and time dependent effect was observed with insecticides for both the species. P. papatasi was found resistant to DDT, dieldrin and propoxur while susceptible to malathion, fenitrothion and permethrin. However, S. punjabensis was found susceptible to all the insecticides tested. LC50 and LT50 value estimated for DDT and dieldrin for P. papatasi and S. punjabaensis were found to be 2.2 and 0.3% x 1 hr and 1.45 and 0.032% x 15 min. respectively.

Insecticide susceptibility of Phlebotomus papatasi to organochlorine, organophosphate & carbamate compounds in some arid areas of western Rajasthan.

Insecticide susceptibility status of P. papatasi to organochlorine, organophosphate and carbamate compounds has been estimated in Pali and Barmer districts of Rajasthan. Tests revealed that this species was resistant to DDT but susceptible to dieldrin, malathion, fenitrothion and propoxur. Efficacies to these compounds at 50 and 95 per cent levels have been estimated by probit-analysis. The LC50 values for both DDT and dieldrin, were found much lower than those reported from other parts of the country. Heterogeneity of the response was found highly significant [X2 = 43.8(3)] in case of propoxur only.

Susceptibility status of two species of Japanese encephalitis vectors to insecticides in the Thar desert, district Bikaner (Rajasthan).

Susceptibility tests were conducted on the adults of two species of Japanese encephalitis vectors viz., Culex pseudovishnui and C. tritaeniorhynchus against diagnostic doses of DDT, dieldrin, malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur and permethrin at different exposure duration. C. pseudovishnui was found susceptible to permethrin and resistant to dieldrin and propoxur while C. tritaeniorhynchus was found susceptible to permethrin and resistant to DDT, dieldrin, fenitrothion and propoxur. A verification, however, was required with other insecticides for both the species.