Comparative study of transdermal buprenorphine and fentanyl patch for post-operative analgesia in abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia: a randomised single blinded study

Background: Postoperative pain is one of the main concerns for the patient undergoing any major surgery. Effective control of post-operative pain is a major challenge to the surgeon and the attending anaesthesiologist. In spite of recent developments in pain treatment, many patients still experienced moderate to severe pain after surgery. Methods: The study groups divided into two, named group A and group B. The total sample size was 80, 40 patients in each group. Patients were allotted in two groups after block randomization viz: Group A (n=40)-patients received buprenorphine patch (10 ?g/h) and patients in group B (n=40) received fentanyl patch of (25 礸/h). Results: Difference in VAS scores among the two groups were found statistically significant from the end of surgery to 6 hours after surgery. However, from 12 hours after surgery, both the groups had comparable VAS scores. Among hemodynamic parameters, the heart rate and mean arterial pressure variation came out to be insignificant among both study groups. Group B showed more incidence of vomiting and constipation as compared to group A. There was no incidence of skin irritation, respiratory depression and urinary retention in both the groups. Conclusions: The present study concluded that for elective abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia, transdermal buprenorphine 10 mcg/hr and fentanyl 25 mcg/hr administered 12 hours prior to surgery are safe, reliable, maintaining haemodynamic stability with continuous effective post operative pain relief. Buprenorphine patch is more cost effective and PONV is more with fentanyl and hence, buprenorphine is better than fentanyl patch.

Molecular identification of methanogenic archaea from Surti buffaloes (bubalus bubalis), reveals more hydrogenotrophic methanogens phylotypes

Methane emissions from ruminant livestock are considered to be one of the more potent forms of greenhouses gases contributing to global warming. Many strategies to reduce emissions are targeting the methanogens that inhabit the rumen, but such an approach can only be successful if it targets all the major groups of ruminant methanogens. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of the diversity of these microbes in breeds of buffaloes, as well as in response to geographical location and different diets, is required. Therefore, molecular diversity of rumen methanogens in Surti buffaloes was investigated using 16S rRNA gene libraries prepared from pooled rumen contents from three Surti buffaloes. A total of 171 clones were identified revealing 23 different sequences (phylotypes). Of these 23 sequences, twelve sequences (12 OTUs, 83 clones) and 10 sequences (10 OTUs, 83 clones) were similar to methanogens belonging to the orders Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales, and the remaining 1 phylotype (5 clones) were similar to Methanosarcina barkeri. These unique sequences clustered within a distinct and strongly supported phylogenetic group. Further studies and effective strategies can be made to inhibit the growth of Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales phylotypes to reduce the methane emission from rumen and thus help in preventing global warming.

Wilms' tumour : a clinicopathologic study with special reference to its morphologic variants.

Twenty five cases of Wilms' tumour were studied with special reference to their morphological variations. Wilms' tumour constituted 7.6% of all the malignant tumours of childhood and 50% of renal malignancies. Male/female ratio was 4:1; the mean age being 3.5 years. Left side was commonly involved (60.9%) center dot bilateral involvement in one case (4.3%). Morphologic study revealed triphasic pattern in 60% cases, biphasic (epithelial + stromal) in 12% and monophasic pattern in 28%. Other features observed were myxomatous degeneration, rhabdomyoblasts, calcification and squamous epithelial pearls seen in 20%, 12%, 8% and 4% respectively.

Tumours of the male urogenital tract: a clinicopathologic study.

The present communication deals with the study of 388 tumours of the male urogenital tract diagnosed histopathologically during the period of 1984 to 1990. Of these 12 (3.09%) were benign and the rest 376 (96.91%) malignant. The incidence of malignant growths of male urogenital tract was 8.71% of all the malignancies or 14.19% of all cancers in males. Renal tumours constituted 10.64% of all the malignant tumours of male urogenital tract or 1.51% of all the male cancers. Morphological variants were renal cell carcinoma (37.5%), Wilms' tumour (47.5%), transitional cell carcinoma (7.5%), papillary cystic adenocarcinoma (3.5%), leiomyosarcoma (2.5%), metastatic from thyroid (2.5%). The mean age of the cases for renal cell carcinoma was 50.3 years and for Wilms' tumour 3.5 years. Urinary bladder cancer comprised 29.52% of all the malignancies of male urogenital tract or 4.19% of all malignant growths in males. The average age of the patients was 53.9 years. Transitional cell carcinoma was the commonest type of tumour (91.9%). Primary malignant tumours of the testis constituted 0.95% of all the malignancies, 1.55% of all male cancers, 10.9% of all malignancies of male urogenital tract or 18.3% of all the malignant growths of male genital tract. The mean age of the patients was 40.6 years. Seminoma was the commonest -46.34% of all the testicular tumours. The incidence of prostatic cancer was 1.81% of all cancers, 2.95% of all malignancies in males or 20.74% of all malignancies of male urogenital tract or 34.82% of malignancies of male genital tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)