RESUMO
Background: The aim is to know gender wise development and morphological variation of the frontal sinus in the pediatric age group of Gurugram district of Haryana. The development and pneumatisation of the frontal sinus is the predictor of skeletal growth pattern. The craniofacial structures grow proportionately with the normal development of the body structures. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 36 subjects were studied. The study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis of SGT Medical College, Budhera (Gurugram) Haryana from January 2019 to March 2019. This included 12 females and 24 males falling in the age group of 8-18 years. The frontal sinuses were evaluated on various morphological features. Plain X-Ray of paranasal sinus was evaluated by Caldwell’s view. The sinuses were evaluated for width, height, number of scallops, septations and supraorbital cells. Results: Average width and height of left frontal sinuses were 23.8 mm with the range of 5.5 – 43 mm and 28.4 mm with the range of 13-45 mm respectively. Average width and height of right frontal sinuses were 20.4 mm with the range of 9.8 – 39 mm and 20 mm with the range of 13-38 mm respectively. The average number of scalloping on right and left were 1.9 and 2.19 respectively. The septations were noticed in 13 (36.11%) on left and in 16 (44.44%) on right side. Supraorbital cells were found in 16 (44.44%) on left side and 17 (47.22%) on right side. Conclusion: There is a lot of variation in the appearance and development of the frontal sinus in pediatric age group. The dimensions had been found smaller on right side as compared to left side. Scalloping and supraorbital cells had been found more on right side than on the left side. Septations were more on left side as compared to right side.
RESUMO
IgA levels are considered as one of the most important determinant of immunity in children and undernutrition may result in deviated IgA levels due to repetitive infection resulting in acute respiratory infections (ARI) and diarrhoea. Hence, the study was undertaken to determine serum IgA levels of 80 undernourished and 30 nourished children using Immunoturbidimetric assay and correlate with their nutritional and morbidity status. Due to the known variability of immunoglobulin levels, subjects were divided into three groups based on their age range i.e. 5-7; 7-10 and 10-12 years. Results indicated that mean IgA levels of undernourished children were 110.89±37.78 mg/dl 131.81±43.43 mg/dl and 168.00±64.75 mg/dl for age group 5-7; 7-10 and 10-12 years respectively. Mean diarrhoeal episodes were reported to be 0.53±1.20; 0.82±1.14 and 1.17±1.26 and mean episodes of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in past one month were 2.21±1.89; 1.43±1.47 and 1.83±1.19 for above mentioned age range. The mean serum IgA level of undernourished children between 5-10 years and 7-10 years were higher than the healthy children, although this difference was not statistically significant. A significant positive correlation was seen between undernutrition status and serum IgA levels of 10-12 years of school children.