RESUMO
Aims: To determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli) strains among the total isolates and study the association between the antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles of the isolates. Methodology: A total of 1258 urine samples were collected. Identification of Bacterial isolates was done using standard biochemical tests, antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined using the Kirby - Bauer’s disk diffusion method and confirmation of the ESBL E. coli was done following CLSI guidelines. Isolation of Plasmid DNA of ESBL positive strains was done by alkaline lysis method. Results: Out of 303 isolates, 198 were E. coli. The isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity, MDR, ESBL and plasmid profiles. 59.09% of the E. coli isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance. 41(58.57%) out of 76 ESBL E. coli isolates possessed plasmids. Few isolates possessed single plasmid while other had multiple plasmids with different size ranged from 1 kb to 10 kb. Conclusions: High prevalence of ESBL E. coli was found with good association between the antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles of the isolates.
RESUMO
Toxicity evaluation of industrial wastewater has been done by using bioassay system of an aquatic plant Lemna minor at different time intervals. Growth inhibition was measured as reduction in fresh and dry weight in industrial wastewater and sewage water, exposed L. minor plants. Results of fresh and dry weight indicate significant decrease in industrial wastewater and sewage wastewater during the different seasons of the year. At 72 and 96 hr of industrial wastewater exposure, decrease in chlorophyll content was significant in comparison to control. Decrease in total protein content was 32.5%, 14.7% and 30.6% at 96 hr of exposure in industrial wastewater in premonsoon, monsoon and postmonsoon season. Exposure of industrial wastewater to L. minor shows that it is a highly sensitive plant to the pollutants present in industrial wastewater.