Intestinal Parasitic Infestation in School Going Children of Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India

Background: Intestinal parasitism(IP) remains a common problem in school going children. Aims & Objectives: To study the prevalence IP infestation in school going children and to study the relation with type of water supply and sanitation. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out and a total of 461 stool samples were collected from children under ten years of age from various schools of Rishikesh. The normal saline and iodine mounts of fresh and saturated salt solution concentrated samples were examined. Modified Ziehl Neelsen staining was done for detection of coccidian parasites. The statistical significance within gender, age, drinking water supply, sanitation and other socio-demographic parameters was assessed by Chi-square test. Results: 112 (24.3%) out of 461 were positive for intestinal parasites. Giardia lamblia was the commonest parasite (15.2%) followed by Hymenolepis nana (2.38%), Hookworm (2.17%), Enterobius vermicularis (2.17%), Entamoeba histolytica (2.17%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.86%), and Cryptosporidium parvum (0.86%). Conclusions: Due to lack of proper sanitation & education along with low socioeconomic background, IP infections are still prevalent among school children. Regular awareness program on promoting good health, maintenance of proper personal hygiene and carrying out regular deworming in schools should be instituted for control.

MDCT urography as a one stop shop for urinary tract abnormalities at present era

Background: CT has evolved from single–detector row scanners into multi–detector row helical volumetric acquisition techniques, and these advances have had a significant impact on imaging of the urinary tract. Aim and objectives: To evaluate the CTU compare to other imaging modalities for urinary tract abnormalities in light of present knowledge, To study the role of CTU in evaluation of various abnormalities those are not detected by conventional IVP, Benefits of CTU over IVP, To provide information about the extent of the lesions involving kidneys and its relation to surrounding structure and Characterizing the lesions whether they are benign or malignant and helping the surgeons for the further management, Grading the renal injuries. Materials and methods: Data was collected from patients who attended the surgical O.P.D. or emergency of S.S.G.H., Baroda with clinically suspected renal abnormalities. A study was conducted over a period of two years on 50 patients with clinically suspected renal abnormalities. Informed consent was taken from every patient. Patients were evaluated with Multidetector Computed Tomography (G.E. Bright Speed). Results: Our Study included 10 patients of renal stones, 8 patients of renal masses, 3 patients of pyelonephritis, 7 patients of renal injury, 5 patients of PUJ obstruction, 7 patients of ureteric stricture, 5 patients of anomalies, and 5 patients of bladder mass. Among all pathology CT urography is more helpful and gives better imaging findings as compare to conventional urography that helps in better management of patients. Conclusion: CTU gives reliable information not about the extent of lesion but also the characteristics of lesions which makes surgeons to take proper decision aboutthe further management of patients, it also avoids unnecessary laparotomy surgery in case of blunt abdominal trauma patients by giving the precious extent of renal injuries. For all these gold standard benefits of MDCTU over conventiona Rathva AM, Singla H. MDCT urography as a one stop shop for urinary tract abnormalities at present era. IAIM, 2016; 3(3): 52-64. Page 53 IVP makes MDCTU as “one stop shop” for urinary tract abnormalities and nearly completely replacing the IVP in recent era.