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Introduction: Nosocomial infection is a major problem globally. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. MRSA are the important agents causing nosocomial infections. The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology to determine the prevalence of MRSA and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted from July 2016 to August 2017 in a tertiary care hospital in Northern Bihar India. All isolates were identified in patients and data provided by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and antibiotic susceptibility pattern considered by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The information was definitely recorded and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007 edition. Results: 200 Staphylococcus strains isolate of were isolated from various clinical samples, Out of 200 S. aureus isolates, 73 (36.5%) were methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 127 (63.5%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) in our labs. Although, the majority of the MRSA isolates were resulted from pus samples 30, however, the S. aureus isolates resulted from post-operative wound infection was mostly MRSA. Conclusion: In conclusion, the importance of Isolation of MRSA patients and carriers in the hospitals, regular surveillance of hospital associated infections including monitoring antibiotic sensitivity pattern and strict drug policy for antibiotics may be helpful for reducing the incidence of these infections
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Introduction: Inguino-scrotal swellings are frequently observed in patients of pediatric age group. Inguinal hernia and Hydrocele are the most common causes of such swellings in children. For their effective management, it is essential to study various factors like age, sex etc. associated with inguinal hernia in pediatric age group. Objectives: To study the epidemiology, management and outcome of inguinal hernia in children. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on pediatric patients with inguinal hernia for a period of 18 months. Patients from newborn to 14 years of age were selected for this study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: Inguinal hernia can occur at any age, but the majority of patients are seen between 1 to 5 years of age. It is more commonly seen in male children and incidence is slightly higher on right side. Almost all of the inguinal hernia in pediatric age group is of indirect type, which develops due to congenitally patent processus vaginalis. Conclusion: Early surgical intervention in form of Inguinal herniotomy is the most appropriate management of inguinal hernia in children.
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Background: : Colorectal cancers being one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in the world. Earlier it was thought that the colorectal cancers usually occur in older age groups. This thought has led to decrease in chances of malignancy in young patients. Therefore, we conducted this study of colorectal cancers in young patient to emphasise the importance of keeping in entity in mind while dealing with the patient presenting with complaints consistent with colorectal malignancy even if there age is less than forty year. Methods This study was a prospective cohort study of 30 cases of colorectal malignancy of age 40 years and below conducted in patients admitted in Department of Surgery at FH Medical College & Hospital, Tundla (UP), Firozabad, U.P. Results: In this study of colorectal cancers in young patient maximum number of patients were found in the age group of 31-40 years (70.4%) followed by in the age group of 21-30 years (27.57%)and 11-20 years (2.58%). Males were found to be affected more (59.76%) than females (41.23%). Most common site of involvement was found to be rectum (59.24%) followed by rectosigmoid (15.36%), caecum and descending colon (10.20%). Most common sign was found to be bleeding per rectum (71.24%) and most common symptom was found to be altered bowel habits (53%) followed by pain abdomen (62.58%). Mucinous adenocarcinoma (54.68%) was found to be most common histological type of colorectal malignancy followed by adenocarcinoma (46.35%). Conclusions: Our study was aimed at analysing colorectal malignancy in young patients. It should promote high index of suspicion on the part of treating surgeons about this entity even in young patients.
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Background: Patients with chronic abdominal pain can undergo numerous diagnostic tests with little change in their pain. This study was under taken to assess the efficacy of performing diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy in patients with chronic abdominal pain for longer than 12 weeks. Methods: All patients undergoing laparoscopy for chronic abdominal pain were included in the study for a period of 1 year from July 2015 to June 2016. The patient’s demographic data, length of time with pain, diagnostic studies, intraoperative findings, interventions and follow-up were determined. Results: A total of 50 patients with an average age of 35.75 years underwent diagnostic laparoscopy for the evaluation and treatment of chronic abdominal pain. The average length of time with pain was 32.96 weeks (range 12-96). 4 cases required conversion to an open procedure and no complications occurred. Findings included abdominal Koch's in 18, appendicitis in 16, cholecystitis in 2, cirrhosis in 2; ovarian cyst in 2, bilateral fimbrial cyst in 2 and 8 patients had no obvious pathology. 82.6% of patients had pain relief at the time of follow up. Conclusions: Laparoscopy has a diagnostic and therapeutic role in patients with chronic pain abdomen.
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Background: This underdeveloped residuum of the caecum has no known function and is commonly termed as a 'vestigial' organ, yet diseases of the appendix loom large in surgical practice; and appendicitis continues to be the most common acute abdominal condition that requires immediate surgical treatment. Methods: Study to be carried out over a period of 1 year on patient diagnosed with appendicitis and admitted to surgery ward at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre. Patients were enrolled on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and written inform consent was taken from the patients before the commencement of study. Demographic data, clinical features, investigations, Technique, reintroduction of diet, postoperative pain, use of analgesia, hospital stay were documented and outcome recorded in a predesigned case record form. Results: Proved that laparoscopic procedures cause less post-operative pain than their conventional counterparts. Analgesic requirement for post-operative analgesia was significantly less in LA (mean 4 inj. doses) compared to the OA (mean 5.9 inj. doses) Hospital stay was less for LA (2.23 days) than OA (3.4 days) Full recovery on the basis of return to normal activity was earlier in LA (6.53 days) as compared to OA (8.7 days). Conclusion: LA holds a promising prospect and may replace OA in the near future as the method of choice for effective and qualitative clinical management of appendicitis in emergency and in elective set up.