Obstrução nasal por granuloma fúngico em eqüino: relato de caso / Nasal obstruction caused by fungal granuloma in a horse: case report

Um eqüino de nove anos de idade apresentou ausência de ar expirado e secreção serossanguinolenta na narina direita, associado a ruído respiratório. Os exames endoscópico e radiológico mostraram uma formação de aproximadamente seis centímetros de diâmetro recoberta por mucosa amarelada, que obstruía a cavidade nasal direita e insinuava-se para a cavidade nasal esquerda. Tal massa foi ressecada por meio de sinusotomia frontal direita. O exame histológico e a cultura revelaram lesão granulomatosa causada por fungos. O tratamento pós-operatório compreendeu associação de antibiótico e antiinflamatório, assim como de lavagens com água destilada e chá de camomila.

A 9-year-old horse presented serosanguineous nasal discharge, absence of breath out through the right nostril, and respiratory noise. Endoscopic and radiographic exams revealed a six centimeter diameter mass, covered by yellowish mucosa, which was obstructing the entire right nasal cavity and part of the left one. The mass was excised through a right frontal sinusotomy. The microscopic exam and the culture revealed a fungic granulomatous rhinitis. Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs were postoperatively administered; moreover, camomile tea and distilled water were flushed in a drain placed above the bone flap.

Immunopathology of rabies infection in mice selected for high or low acute inflammatory reaction

Rabies is a severe and lethal disease that produces a slight inflammatory response during the infection process. We analyzed the immunopathological mechanisms that occur in the central nervous system (CNS) using mice genetically selected for maximal or minimal acute inflammatory reaction (AIRmax or AIRmin). As viral samples, we adopted the antigenic variant 3 (AgV3) of rabies virus from hematophagous bats and a fixed virus strain (PV1 43/3). Titration of specific antibodies was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We observed a slight increase in IgG and IgG1 isotypes in infected AIRmax mice. Incubation period, determined by intracerebral inoculation with 100 LD50, was 6-7 days for PV1 43/4 strain and 9-10 days for AgV3. No difference in viral replication was noticed between AIRmax and AIRmin mice. Mortality was 100 percent with both viral strains. Histopathological analysis of brains and spinal cords showed inflammatory foci in all regions of the CNS. No differences were noticed in the number of neutrophils. Negri bodies were observed in practically all sites analyzed. Results suggested that inflammatory reaction is not a determining factor in the susceptibility to rabies infection.

Histopathological and ultrastructural characteristics of myeloid leukosis in broiler chicken

An ultrastructural and histological study was performed to determine the degree of differentiation of the neoplastic cells. The histological study revealed neoplastic cells with pleomorphism, oval nuclei, prominent nucleoli, irregularly distributed chromatin, atypical mitotic figures and moderate amount of cytoplasm containing spherical eosinophilic granulations, typical features of the myeloid lineage. Ultrastructurally, there were cells with an electron-dense, oval and voluminous nucleus, with predominant euchromatin and cytoplasm containing many spherical, electron-dense and homogeneous granules, indicative of myelocytes with differentiation to eosinophils. Type-C viral particles were also seen in the intercellular space of renal tubules and inside the intracytoplasmic vesicles of immature myelocytes in the bone marrow and ovary. PCR was positive to ALV-J.

Caracterizaram-se a linhagem e o grau de diferenciação das células neoplásicas no estudo histopatológico e ultraestrutural da leucose mielóide. Histologicamente as células neoplásicas apresentaram pleomorfismo, núcleos ovais, nucléolos proeminentes, cromatina distribuída de maneira irregular, figuras de mitose atípicas e moderada quantidade de citoplasma contendo granulações eosinofílicas esféricas. Essas características indicam a linhagem mielóide. Ultraestruturalmente evidenciaram-se células com núcleo oval, volumoso, eletrodenso, com predomínio de eucromatina e citoplasma com numerosos grânulos esféricos, eletrodensos e homogêneos, indicando mielócitos com diferenciação para eosinófilos. Constatou-se também a presença de partículas virais tipo-C no espaço intercelular dos túbulos renais, no interior de vesículas intracitoplasmáticas dos mielócitos imaturos presentes na medula óssea e ovário, e PCR positivo para ALV-J.

Delayed Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte remyelination after ethidium bromide injection in the brainstem of Wistar rats submitted to streptozotocin diabetogenic treatment

Schwann cell disturbance followed by segmental demyelination in the peripheral nervous system occurs in diabetic patients. Since Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte remyelination in the central nervous system is a well-known event in the ethidium bromide (EB) demyelinating model, the aim of this investigation was to determine the behavior of both cell types after local EB injection into the brainstem of streptozotocin diabetic rats. Adult male Wistar rats received a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and were submitted 10 days later to a single injection of 10 æL 0.1 percent (w/v) EB or 0.9 percent saline solution into the cisterna pontis. Ten microliters of 0.1 percent EB was also injected into non-diabetic rats. The animals were anesthetized and perfused through the heart 7 to 31 days after EB or saline injection and brainstem sections were collected and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. The final balance of myelin repair in diabetic and non-diabetic rats at 31 days was compared using a semi-quantitative method. Diabetic rats presented delayed macrophage activity and lesser remyelination compared to non-diabetic rats. Although oligodendrocytes were the major remyelinating cells in the brainstem, Schwann cells invaded EB-induced lesions, first appearing at 11 days in non-diabetic rats and by 15 days in diabetic rats. Results indicate that short-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes hindered both oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell remyelination (mean remyelination scores of 2.57 ± 0.77 for oligodendrocytes and 0.67 ± 0.5 for Schwann cells) compared to non-diabetic rats (3.27 ± 0.85 and 1.38 ± 0.81, respectively).

The role of complement in the early phase of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection in BALB/c mice

Complement-depleted and -non-depleted BALB/c mice were inoculated with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes into the hind footpad to study the role of the complement system in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Total serum complement activity was measured by hemolytic assay and C3 fragment deposit at the inoculation site was determined by direct immunofluorescence in the early period of infection, i.e., at 3, 24, 48 h and 7 days post-infection. The inflammatory reaction and the parasite burden were evaluated in the skin lesion at 7 and 30 days post-infection. Total serum complement activity decreased in the early phase of infection, from 3 to 24 h, in non-depleted mice compared to non-infected and non-depleted mice. C3 fragment deposit at the site of parasite inoculation was present throughout the period of infection in non-depleted mice. In contrast, no C3 fragment deposit was observed at the inoculation site in complement-depleted mice. Complement-depleted mice showed a significant decrease in the inflammatory response and a significant increase in the number of parasites (70.0 ± 5.3 vs 5.3 ± 1.5) at 7 days of infection (P < 0.05). A higher number of parasites were also present at 30 days of infection at the inoculation site of complement-depleted mice (78.5 ± 24.9 vs 6.3 ± 5.7). These experiments indicate that complement has an important role at the beginning of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. (L.) amazonensis by controlling the number of parasites in the lesion.

Aspectos ultraestruturais da criptosporidiose experimental em suínos / Ultrastructural aspects of experimental cryptosporidiosis in pigs

O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar as alteraçöes ultraestruturais da mucosa intestinas e do tecido linfóide associado na inoculaçäo experimental de Cryptosporidium sp. Doze leitöes foram inoculados experimentalmente por via oral com 1x10 elevada a sexta potência oocistos e sacrificados 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias depois. Ao exame ultraestrutural de células intestinais observou-se espessamento e irregularidade de microvilosidades, citoplasma vacuolizado e com protrusöes, edema mitocondrial, hipertrofia de organelas citoplasmáticas e do núcleo. Nas placas de Peyer observou-se ocasionalmente mitose de células linfóides, verificando-se maior número de células blásticas

The role of natural killer cells in the early period of infection in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis

In order to study the role of natural killer (NK) cells during the early period of Leishmania infection, BALB/c mice were selectively and permanently depleted of NK cells by injection with 90Sr and subsequently infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (HSJD-1 strain). 90Sr is known to selectively deplete NK cells, leaving an intact T- and B-cell compartment and preserving the ability to produce both interferon alpha and IL-2. This method of depletion has advantages when compared with depletion using anti-NK cell monoclonal antibodies because the effect is permanent and neither activates complement nor provokes massive cell death. In the present study, after one month of treatment with 90Sr, the depletion of NK cells was shown by a more than ten-fold reduction in the cytotoxic activity of these cells: 2 x 106 spleen cells from NK-depleted animals were required to reach the same specific lysis of target cells effected by 0.15 x 106 spleen cells from normal control animals. The histopathology of the skin lesion at 7 days after Leishmania infection showed more parasites in the NK cell-depleted group. This observation further strengthens a direct role of NK cells during the early period of Leishmania infection

Influence of low environmental temperature on inflammation in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana): qualitative and quantitative evaluation

Objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of low environmental temperature on the experimentally induced inflammatory response in post-metamorphic Rana catesbeiana (bullfrogs). To accomplish these goals, 120 specimens of Rana catesbeiana were kept at 6§C and 24§C, and treated by transfixion of thigh muscular tissue with a 5-0 suture or IM carrageenan injection. Results obtained through qualitative and quantitative evaluations showed that the lower environmental temperature significantly modulates the inflammatory process development. The animals in both models that were kept at 6§C showed a significantly lower number of inflammatory cells in the lesion site than the one verified at 24§C, apart from the evolution time. On the other hand, any factor related to the host mechanism of defense ought not to be blocked by the temperature, since the area of reaction to the injury showed to be equivalent in most of the studied time

Aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos da criptosporidiose experimental em suínos / Clinical and histopathological aspects of experimental cryptosporidiosis in pig

Em 12 leitöes inoculados experimentalmente por via oral com 1x10 elevado à sexta potência oocistos de Cryptosporidium sp, e sacrificados três, seis, nove e 12 dias depois, observou-se aparecimento do quadro diarréico entre o quarto e o quinto dia após a inoculaçäo, com duraçäo de quatro a cinco dias. A eliminaçäo de oocistos iniciou-se entre o quarto e o quinto dia após a inoculaçäo, e duraçäo de dois a três dias. Ao exame histopatológico observou-se atrofia e fusäo de vilosidades principalmente em regiäo de íleo e hiperplasia de folículos linfóides nas placas de Peyer. A morfometria mostrou haver diferença entre altura das vilosidades intestinais dos animais inoculados e controle na regiäo do íleo e nos tempos de seis e nove dias

Quantitative evaluation of tuberculosis evolution in hamsters submitted to an eight-week Trichlorfon treatment and infected with Mycobacterium bovis, strain AN5

A evoluçäo da doença causada pela inoculaçäo intraperitoneal de Mycobacterium bovis (cepa AN5) foi avaliada em hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) tratados de segundas a sextas-feiras, com doses subcutâneas de 30 mg/kg de Triclorfon, por um período de 8 semanas consecutivas. Os critérios adotados para essa avaliaçäo foram o tempo de sobrevivência após a inoculaçäo e a quantificaçäo do agente no baço, fígado, rim e pulmäo colhidos aos 1, 15, 29 e 45 dias após a inoculaçäo. Nessas oportunidades também foram realizados exames histopatológicos. Os animais do grupo tratado com Triclorfon e do grupo controle desenvolveram tuberculose progressiva. Os resultados da quantificaçäo do agente nos órgäos examinados, e do tempo de sobrevivência após a inoculaçäo, näo mostraram qualquer influência da administraçäo do Triclorfon

Alimentaçäo de bezerros com extrato hidrossolúvel de soja. II. Produçäo de anticorpos e distúrbios intestinais / Feeding calves with soybean hydrosoluble extract. II. Antibody production and effects upon intestinal villosity

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a substituiçäo total do sucedâneo lácteo à base de proteína de leite (SL) por extrato hidrossolúvel de soja (EHS) na alimentaçäo de bezerros Holandeses machos, com idade média inicial de cinco dias. Os bezerros alimentados com EHS a partir do 5§ dia de vida apresentaram, com o desenvolver do experimento, perda de peso pronunciada, diarréia, letargia, caquexia e, nos estágios terminais, desidrataçäo e hipoproteinemia. Apresentaram, ainda, atrofia das vilosidades intestinais e produçäo de anticorpos no soro contra a proteína do EHS, indicaçäo de que os bezerros estavam padecendo de uma reaçäo alérgica à proteína de soja, enquanto os bezerros do grupo-controle apresentaram-se com desenvolvimento corporal normal. Os bezerros alimentados com EHS apresentaram diminuiçäo visível das gorduras presentes no tecido subcutâneo, omento, epíplon e da gordura peri-renal. No abomaso, a principal alteraçäo verificada foi a falta de formaçäo do coágulo do EHS ingerido

Surtos de salmonelose (Salmonella typhimurium) em Cavia porcellus / Salmonellosis (Salmonella typhimurium) outbreaks in Cavia porcellus

Relatam-se dois surtos de salmonelose em cobaias (Cavia porcellus), envolvendo um total de 70 animais mantidos em biotério, que manifestaram emaciaçäo progressiva, prostraçäo, hipertermia, pelos arrepiados e rarefeitos. Após o início dos sintomas, 48,57 por cento dos animais (34/70) evoluíram para a morte, sendo os demais sacrificados com o intuito de se controlar os surtos. Na necrópsia, colheram-se fragmentos de fígado, baço, rins, pulmöes e intestinos para exames histopatológico e microbiológico. Ao exame microbiológico obteve-se o isolamento de cepas caracterizadas bioquímica e sorológicamente como Salmonella typhimurium. O exame histopatológico dos fragmentos de órgäos corados pela hematoxilina-eosina revelou a presença de lesöes condizentes com quadro septicêmico por este microrganismo. O presenta trabalho alerta quanto ao risco existente na utilizaçäo de animais de experimentaçäo portadores dessa bactéria, já que poderiam comprometer experimentos por uma possível interferência nos resultados, além de representarem fonte de infecçäo em biotérios e laboratórios

Avaliaçäo quantitativa da concentraçäo de micobactérias em órgäos e humores de hamster experimentalmente infectados com Mycobacterium bovis, estirpe AN 5 / Quantitative evaluation of mycobacterial concentration in organs and fluids of experimentally infected hamster with Mycobacterium bovis, strain AN 5

Descreve-se a tuberculose desencadeada pela inoculaçäo intraperitoneal de 1,0 mg de Mycobacterium bovis (cepa AN 5) em hamsters através de exames bacteriológicos e histopatológicos, realizados 1, 15, 29 e 45 dias após a infecçäo. A bactéria se multiplicou no baço, rins, fígado e pulmöes dos animais infectados, induzindo a formaçäo de lesöes granulomatosas. Um dia após a infecçäo o baço albergou um maior número de bactérias e 45 dias após a infecçäo houve diferença nas concentraçöes bacterianas apenas entre baço e rim, com um maior número de bactérias para o baço. Foram observadas duas fases de bacteremia e a micobactéria foi cultivada a partir do líquido peritoneal em todas as etapas de experimento. Os animais perderam peso em decorrência da doença e morreram em média 50,6 dias após a infecçäo

Influence of high environmental temperature on inflamation and repair induced by a foreign body in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles

We investigated the effect of high environmental temperature (31-C vs 25-C) on the inflammatory and repair phenomena induced by a foreign body in the tail of Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) tadpoles. The data obtained using quantitative morphometric models showed that environmental temperature influences the time course but not the intensity of the inflamamatory process and the tissue repair. Animals treated at 31-C presented an initial increase of the inflammation and repair area (IRA, 402 ñ 24*m*, mean ñ SEM, on the 3rd day), which quickly decreased and stabilized, with tissue restoration occurring after 21 days (327 ñ 3). In contrast, tadpoles kept at 25-C showed an active inflammatory focus which persisted throughout the experiment. However, the maximum values obtained for the parameters analyzed were quite similar at both temperatures. IRA was 378 ñ 15 *m* on the 21st day at 25-C vs 402 ñ 24 on the 3rd day at 31-C and inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI)was 175 ñ 12 cells per 145 *m* tissue on the 7th day 25-C vs 171 ñ 23 on the 3rd day at 31-C