Parental influence on children's answers to an oral-health-related quality of life questionnaire

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate parental influence on children's answers to an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaire. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 84 pairs of 5-year-olds and parents/guardians. The participants were selected from a primary family healthcare center in Campina Grande, Brazil. First, the children and parents answered respective versions of the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five-Year-Old Children (SOHO-5). Seven days later, the children answered their version of the SOHO-5, without the presence of their parents/guardians, and underwent a clinical exam of dental caries, traumatic dental injury and malocclusion, by a previously calibrated researcher. Statistical analysis involved a comparison of mean scores and the calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Poisson regression models were used to associate the variables (α = 5%). No significant differences were found between the mean SOHO-5 scores of the children when alone or accompanied by parents/guardians (p > 0.05). The ICC between the answers of the children alone or accompanied was 0.84. White spot (PR = 6.32; 95%CI: 1.36 - 29.40) and cavitated lesions (PR = 9.81; 95%CI: 3.22 - 29.85) had an impact on OHRQoL, according to the children's self-report, whereas cavitated lesions (PR = 90.52; 95%CI: 13.26 - 617.74) and anterior open bite (PR = 1.95; 95%IC: 1.07 - 3.53) remained on the final model, according to the parents' version of the SOHO-5. In conclusion, parents did not influence the children's responses, and dental caries are the oral health problem exerting the greatest impact on the children's OHRQoL.

Alcohol consumption among adolescents: attitudes, behaviors and associated factors / Consumo de bebida alcoolica entre adolescentes: atitudes, comportamentos e fatores associados

The scope of this paper is to assess the attitudes and behaviors regarding alcohol use and analyze associated factors among schoolchildren in public schools of Campina Grande in the state of Paraíba. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 574 adolescents, with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used (5% level of significance). Among the adolescents 54.5% had drunk alcohol and 6.7% of them were heavy drinkers. The majority of them drank alcohol between 11 and 14 years of age (42.8%); 26.3% of the adolescents purchased alcoholic beverages; and beer was the most drink most consumed (43.8%). The risk of alcohol drinking was higher between 16 and 19 years of age (OR = 4.44; p < 0.001), among those without religious affiliation (OR = 4.36; p = 0.002), among those who worked (OR = 2.13; p = 0.012) and among those who had a fair to poor relationship with their father (OR = 2.18; p = 0.010). The results of this study underscore the complexity of this issue and the need to pay particular attention to the adolescent population. Public policies alone are not sufficient. Support from family, school and society is essential to curtail early alcohol use and its consequences.

Avaliar as atitudes e os comportamentos relacionados ao uso do álcool e seus fatores associados entre escolares da rede pública de Campina Grande (PB). Foi um estudo transversal com 574 adolescentes entrevistados por meio de formulário semiestruturado. Os testes estatísticos foram o Qui-quadrado e o Exato de Fisher (significância de 5%). Dos adolescentes, 54,5% experimentou o álcool, destes, 6,7% faz uso pesado. A maioria experimentou o álcool na faixa etária de 11 a 14 anos (42,8%), 26,3% dos menores compraram bebidas e a cerveja foi o tipo mais consumido (43,8%). O risco de experimentar a bebida alcoólica foi maior entre adolescentes de 16 a 19 anos (OR = 4,44; p < 0,001), entre os que não tinham religião (OR = 4,36; p = 0,002), entre os que trabalhavam (OR = 2,13; p = 0,012) e os que tinham relacionamento regular/ruim com o pai (OR = 2,18; p = 0,010). Os resultados do presente estudo ressaltam a complexidade do tema e a necessidade de uma atenção especial para a população adolescente. As políticas públicas não são suficientes, o apoio de uma família, a escola e a socie dade são essenciais para combater o uso precoce de álcool e suas consequências.

Predisposing Factors for Traumatic Dental Injury in Primary Teeth and Seeking of Post-trauma Care

The aim of the present study was to investigate predisposing factors for traumatic dental injury (TDI) in the primary dentition and seeking of dental care after the occurrence of TDI. A randomized population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 814 children aged 3 to 5 years enrolled at public and private preschools in the city of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire on demographic data and the child's history of TDI. TDI was evaluated by clinical examinations performed by three previously calibrated dentists (Kappa: 0.85 to 0.90). Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression models were constructed for TDI and the parent-reported search for dental care (α=0.05). The prevalence of TDI was 34.6%. The most common type of TDI was enamel fracture (55.0%). The central incisors were the most frequently affected teeth (87.5%). Predictors for TDI in the primary dentition were household income >U$312.50 (PR: 1.355; 95% CI: 1.050-1.724) and overjet >2 mm (PR: 1.539; 95% CI: 1.219-1.942). The predictor for seeking dental care following TDI was parent's age >30 years (PR: 1.753; 95% CI: 1.039-2.960). Household income and overjet were associated with TDI. Among children having suffered TDI, parent's age is a crucial determinant for seeking dental care.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os fatores predisponentes para o traumatismo dentário (TD) na dentição decídua e a procura por tratamento odontológico após a ocorrência do TD. Um estudo transversal de base populacional randomizado foi realizado com 814 crianças entre 3 e 5 anos de idade, matriculadas em pré-escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. Um questionário foi preenchido pelos pais sobre dados sociodemográficos e histórico de TD da criança. TD foi avaliado através de exames clínicos realizados por três dentistas previamente calibrados (Kappa: 0,85-0,90). Modelos de regressão de Poisson bivariado e multivariado foram realizados para TD e a procura por tratamento odontológico após o TD (α=0.05). A prevalência de TD foi de 34,6%. O tipo mais comum de TD foi a fratura de esmalte (55,0%) e os incisivos centrais superiores foram os dentes mais acometidos (87,5%). Preditores para o TD na dentição decídua foram renda familiar >U$312.50 (RP: 1,355; IC 95%: 1,050-1,724) e overjet >2 mm (RP: 1,539; IC 95%: 1,219-1,942). O fator preditor para a procura de tratamento odontológico após TD foi a idade dos pais >30 anos (RP: 1,753; IC 95%: 1,039-2,960). Renda familiar e overjet foram associados com o TD. Entre as crianças que sofreram TD, a idade dos pais foi um determinante crucial para a procura de tratamento odontológico.