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BACKGROUND: Splint fixation was a common treatment for limb fracture, but there were some limitations, such as lack of individual difference, easy to lose and being unable to self-adjusting.OBJECTIVE: To explore the design method of digital splint and related finite element analysis.METHODS: Forearms were scanned with CT; periphery parameters were extracted, followed by reverse modeling and modifying. The digital splint models were constructed. Material attribute and mechanical loading were conducted. Thelimb length, maximum stress and displacement of the bone, soft tissue and splint were calculated by finite elementanalysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The digital splint has favorable tight attaching and balanced stress to skin, and whichkeeps well stability for the micro-motion fracture ends. Our study indicated that better tight attaching splint could bedesigned by digital modeling technology. Favorable fracture fixation and mechanical property could be also achieved.
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89Zr is a positron-emitting metal with a long half-life (78.4 h) which is compatible to the labeling of slow-accumulating bioactive vectors. Many researchers have adopted 89 Zr for medical research. DFO is the most prevalent chelator used to link 89 Zr with bioactive vectors to synthesize stable PET agents, which gives high-resolution PET images with exceptional T/NT ratio. This review describes five methods based on DFO to synthesize 89 Zr-based PET agents, among which isothiocyanate ( Df-Bz-NCS) and N-succi-nyl-DFO ( N-suc-DFO) have been used in clinical studies. The targeting bioactive vectors labeled by 89 Zr for PET imaging include antibodies (monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives), polypeptides (RGD pep-tides), proteins (transferrin, albumin, etc.), bioengineering structures (nanoparticles, liposomes, micro-spheres, etc.), cells (stem cells, immune cell subsets) and so on. The application of 89Zr PET in drug de-velopment, cell tracking and tumor imaging has become increasingly prominent.
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Programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) path-way has emerged as a critical target for cancer immunotherapy,and monoclonal antibodies that block either side of this inhibitory interaction have demonstrated impressive activity across a broad set of cancer subtypes.Clinical studies have shown that tumor PD-L1 expression is associated with clinical stages and poor prognosis.Tumor PD-L1 expression detection may help to screen the patients who are most likely to be benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and evaluate the prognosis.Molecular imaging technology such as PET,SPECT and optical imaging may be the modalities that allowing for noninvasively dynamic detection and overall evaluation of multiple biomarkers.This review focuses on the state of the art of tumor molecular imaging targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
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BACKGROUND:Oversize stress of a dental implant and its surrounding tissue is the main factor to affect the long-term use of dental implants. So, the reasonable and precise design of implant shape is one of the important methods of prolonging the life span of dental implants. OBJECTIVE:To make the optimal analysis and design of the diameters of connector screw and central screw of the adjustable-angle dental implant invented in the earlier stage. METHODS: The finite element analysis model of the edentulous mandible with adjustable-angle dental implant was established by software Pro/E 5.0, Mimics 10.0 and ANSYS Workbench 14.5. The maximum equivalent stress of dental implant-edentulous mandibular model was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The maximum equivalent stress of dental implant-edentulous mandibular model