RESUMO
Abstract Covid-19 is a novel infectious disease whose spectrum of presentation ranges from absence of symptoms to widespread interstitial pneumonia associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), leading to significant mortality. Given the systemic pattern of Covid-19, there are many factors that can influence patient's functional capacity after acute infection and the identification of such factors can contribute to the development of specific rehabilitation strategies. Pulmonary impairment is the primary cause of hospitalization due to Covid-19, and can progress to SARS as well as increase length of hospitalization. Moreover, cardiac involvement is observed in approximately 30% of hospitalized patients, with an increased risk of acute myocarditis, myocardial injury, and heart failure, which may compromise functional capacity in the long-term. Thromboembolic complications have also been reported in some patients with Covid-19 and are associated with a poor prognosis. Musculoskeletal complications may result from long periods of hospitalization and immobility, and can include fatigue, muscle weakness and polyneuropathy. Studies that address the functional capacity of patients after Covid-19 infection are still scarce. However, based on knowledge from the multiple systemic complications associated with Covid-19, it is reasonable to suggest that most patients, especially those who underwent prolonged hospitalization, will need a multiprofessional rehabilitation program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the functional impact and the rehabilitation strategies for patients affected by Covid-19.
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Miocardite , Betacoronavirus , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Despite all efforts to restrict its transmission, Chagas' disease remains a severe public health problem in Latin America, affecting 8-12 million individuals. Chronic Chagas' heart disease, the chief factor in the high mortality rate associated with the illness, affects more than half a million Brazilians. Its evolution may result in severe heart failure associated with loss of functional capacity and quality of life, with important social and medical/labor consequences. Many studies have shown the beneficial effect of regular exercise on cardiac patients, but few of them have focused on chronic Chagas' heart disease. METHODS: This study evaluated the effects of an exercise program on the functional capacity of patients with chronic Chagas' disease who were treated in outpatient clinics at the Evandro Chagas Institute of Clinical Research and the National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The exercises were performed 3 times a week for 1 h (30 min of aerobic activity and 30 min of resistance exercises and extension) over 6 months in 2010. Functional capacity was evaluated by comparing the direct measurement of the O2 uptake volume (VO2) obtained by a cardiopulmonary exercise test before and after the program (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Eighteen patients (13 females) were followed, with minimum and maximum ages of 30 and 72 years, respectively. We observed an average increase of VO2peak > 10% (p = 0.01949). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a statistically significant improvement in functional capacity with regular exercise of the right intensity.
INTRODUÇÃO: Mesmo com todos os esforços para interrupção de sua transmissão, a doença de Chagas permanece como grave problema de saúde pública na América Latina, onde atinge entre 8 e 12 milhões de indivíduos. A cardiopatia chagásica crônica, principal responsável pela elevada morbimortalidade da doença, chega a acometer mais de meio milhão de brasileiros. Sua evolução atinge estágios graves de insuficiência cardíaca com perda de capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida, com grande impacto social e médico-trabalhista. Muitos estudos demonstram o resultado benéfico da prática regular de exercícios em cardiopatas, porém, há escassez de investigações em cardiopatia chagásica. MÉTODOS: O presente estudo avaliou efeitos de um programa de exercícios sobre a capacidade funcional de dezoito pacientes (13 mulheres) com cardiopatia chagásica crônica, com idade entre 30 e 72 anos, atendidos nos ambulatórios do Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas e do Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os exercícios foram executados 3 vezes por semana, durante 1 hora (30 minutos de atividade aeróbica e 30 minutos de exercícios contra-resistência e alongamentos), ao longo de 6 meses, no ano de 2010. A avaliação da capacidade funcional foi realizada pela comparação da medida direta do VO2 obtido pelo Teste de Exercício Cardiopulmonar, antes e depois do programa. Para análise estatística foram utilizados testes T de Student pareado e de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostram aumento médio do VO2pico acima de 10%(p=0,01949). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem melhora significativa da capacidade funcional com prática regular de exercícios na população amostral.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/reabilitação , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Doença Crônica , Teste de EsforçoRESUMO
Fundamentos: A cardiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC) caracteriza-se por disfunção cardíaca em graus variáveis, evoluindo para insuficiência cardíaca (IC). Segue sendo a mais séria e frequente manifestação da fase crônica da doença, afetando entre 20 a 40 porcento destes indivíduos. A IC de origem Chagásica ou outra etiologia apresentam seus níveis de BNP aumentados proporcionalmente à disfunção cardíaca. A reabilitação cardíaca, embora, já descrita como uma abordagem segura e benéfica aos pacientes com IC de origem principalmente isquêmicas, é pouco abordada na CCC. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação dos níveis de BNP, função cardíaca e a tolerância à atividade física em pacientes com CCC antes e após programa de exercício físico regular com duração de 6 meses.Método: Foram avaliados 21 pacientes com a doença de Chagas e alterações eletrocardiográficas que caracterizava CCC. Foram submetidos a um programa de exercícios que englobava 30 minutos de atividade aeróbica e 30 de atividade resistida, 3 vezes semanais durante 6 meses. Foi realizado ecocardiograma e colhidas amostras sanguíneas no início e no final do programa de exercício, assim como verificada a velocidade da esteira no início e no final de 6 meses.Resultados: Não foi observada associação dos níveis de BNP e função cardíaca após o período de exercícios, entretanto, a tolerância ao exercício apresentou melhora significativa (p= 0,02681).Conclusão:O BNP não é um bom marcador de melhor tolerância ao exercício.
Chagasic Heart Disease (CHD) is characterized by cardiac dysfunction in several degrees, progressing to heart failure. It remains the most serious and frequent manifestation of chronic disease, affecting between 20 and 40 percent of these individuals. The hearth failure (HF) ofChagasic origin or other etiology present their BNP levels increased in proportion to cardiac dysfunction. Although, cardiac rehabilitation, once described as a safe and beneficial to patients with HF, mainly ischemic origin, is rarely addressed in the CHD.Objective: To evaluate the association of BNP levels, cardiac function and tolerance to physical activity in patients with CHD before and after regular exercise program. Material and Methods: We studied patients with Chagas disease, and electrocardiographic changes that characterized CHD. Underwent an exercise program that included 30 minutes of aerobic activity and 30 resisted activity, 3 times weekly for 24 weeks. Echocardiography was performed and blood samples taken before and after the exercise program, and checked the speed of the treadmill at the beginning and the end of 24 weeks. Results: There was no association of BNP levels and cardiac function after the exercise period, however, exercise tolerance showed significant improvement (p = 0.02681).Conclusion: There was improvement of regular exercise tolerance without reduction of levels of BNP.