Lead exposure and sociodemographic parameters affecting the cognitive function of a sample of children in Qalyoubia governorate

This cross-sectional, short term study is conducted in Benha city at randomly selected primary school. The target group is 100- randomly chosen- children of the 4th and 5th grades. They were subjected to a structured questionnaire for personal and familial data. IQ - is assessed using Stanford Beneit test. Blood samples were drawn to determine haemoglubin level as well as blood lead level. Scholastic achievement of the target group was measured using the mean of the last 3 months marks. Analysing data of the study reveals that 64% of children included in the study were urban residents while the remaining 36% were rural inhabitants. Urban inhabitants show statistically significant higher percentage for normal IQ. The present study reveals that Hb.%, blood lead level, mother's smoking as well as residence significantly affect the IQ. of children. Regarding scholastic achievement as an indicator for cognitive function it was found that Hb.%, blood lead level as well as I.Q. are the best predictors. Monitoring [Both environmental and Biological] is required to assess lead level in the environment as well as blood lead level. Environmental sources of lead and its hazards are required to be highlighted. Mass screening of school children for anaemia is required and subsequently proper treatment for anaemia and anaemia predisposing conditions. Finally hazards of smoking, especially by mothers, is required to be highlighted

Health hazards among car maintenance workers

This study was done to determine the health hazards among bus maintenance workers and to study the different environmental factors that cause these hazards. The sample included one hundered and fifty workers randomly selected from bus maintenance stations in Qaliubia and Menofia Governorates. The sample was classified according to the type of work into body repair workers, engine maintenance workers and painters. Fifty workers were randomly selected from administrative departments of the same companies as control group. Analysis of data revealed that the exposed workers have more eye and skin disorders, respiratory symptoms, pulmonary functions impairment locomotor disorders, blood lead, hearing loss and higher hearing threshold than the control group. On the other hand they have less cardiovascular manifestations, lower pulmonaryfunctions parameters and less ECG abnormalities than their control. Environmental measurments show higher dust and lead level higher Co, So2 and higher noise level than the general environment which explain the health hazards among the exposed workers. Proper preemployment and periodic medical examination, health education, continous enviromental measurements, and mechanisation of the hazarduous processes are recommended trials to decrease the pollution level