Determination of Shear Bond Strength of Nanocomposite to Porcelain and Metal Alloy

Abstract Objective: To compare porcelain and metal repair done with both nanocomposite and conventional composite. Material and Methods: A total of 30 cylinders were fabricated from Porcelain (I), Porcelain fused to metal (II), and metal (III) substrate each. Control group (A) was bonded with conventional micro-hybrid composite and experimental group (B) was bonded with nanocomposite in a 2 mm thickness. All specimens were thermocycled and stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 7 days. A universal testing machine was used to measure the Shear bond strength (SBS). The difference between bond strengths of the groups was compared using an independent t-test. Results: In all three groups, the SBS was higher in the experimental group as compared to the control group. The use of nanocomposite of metal alloy presented maximum shear bond strength, followed by samples of porcelain fused to metal and finally porcelain, showing the lowest values of SBS. Conclusion: Porcelain and alloys bonded with nanocomposite exhibit enhanced adhesiveness as well as aesthetic and mechanical properties. This subsequently would translate into providing higher clinical serviceability and durability and hence a cost-effective and accessible repair option for human welfare (AU).

Supernumerary Molars: A Rare Finding.

Panoramic radiographs of a female patients aged twenty one years without any associated syndromic or systemic medical history, revealed the presence of the two supernumerary molars, right upper and left lower fourth molars. Both the teeth were disto-molars. The right upper fourth molar had normal tooth morphology with regard to its crown and root but was slightly smaller than the existing third molars. The left lower disto-molar had somewhat different morphology as compared to adjacent third molar and smaller in size as compared to the fourth right upper disto-molar. Their crowns were tuberculated and both had single root (2D radiographic morphology).

Safety of tramadol as a pre-induction agent

To study the safety profile of intravenous use of tramadol immediately before induction of general anesthesia. Prospective, observational study. January 2005 to October 2007. Combined Military Hospital Multan, Military Hospital Rawalpindi and Railway Hospital Rawalpindi. 600 patients of ASA-I to ASA-III, aged 10.-50 years, undergoing elective surgery were selected for the study under convenient sampling. Children less than 10 years were excluded. Morbidly obese and patients with history of syncope, convulsive syncope, panic attacks and other convulsive events were excluded. Ladies undergoing caesarian section were also excluded from the study. The patients were injected 1.5mg/kg body weight, but not exceeding 100mg of tramadol [100mg of the drug diluted to 10 ml] intravenously, slowly over a period of two minutes as a part of pre-induction regimen. Patients were monitored for any untoward signs and symptoms for 10 min and all observations were recorded. The main complications / side-effects observed were nausea / vomiting, sweating, heart sinking and seizures in that order. Out of 600 patients, 47 [7.83%] patients complained of nausea alone and 9 [1.5%] patients had a bout of vomiting, 23 [3.88%] patients were observed to have sweating, 31 [5.17%] female patients complained of heart sinking and 2 [0.33%] patients had had seizure activity. We conclude that although the use of IV tramadol as a pre-induction agent is associated a low risk of side effects, but due to its potential to cause seizure activity, it is best avoided in the environments where adequate resuscitative measures are not available

Neonatal outcome: a comparison between epidural and general anesthesia for cesarean sections

The choice of anesthetic technique for cesarean sections, a common problem faced by anesthetists remains controversial. To compare the effects of epidural anesthesia with general anesthesia. To evaluate which mode is better especially keeping in mind the Apgar score of the newborn. Which was taken as the index of immediate neonatal outcome. A prospective cohort study. Combined Military Hospital Peshawar. Six months. A total of hundred patients aged between 26-35 years were selected who were under going elective cesarean section. The gestational ages of the newborn were between 36 and 40 wks. The patients were divided into two groups of fifty each receiving the two modes of anesthesia. A random sampling of the patients was done. Apgar scores of the newborn babies were taken at 01 and 05 minute intervals. Computer based SPSS 8.0 was used to analyze the results and it was found that none of the babies was severely depressed, [Apgar score less than 4 at 01-minute interval in both the groups]. 2% of the cases were moderately depressed, [Apgar score 4-6 at 01-minute interval in the epidural group as compared to 10% of the cases born under general anesthesia]. In the epidural group 4% of the cases had 01 minute Apgar score of less than 8 compared to 36% in the general anesthesia group. As regards the 05 minute Apgar score 6% of the patients had Apgar score less than 10 in the epidural group compared to 11% in the general anesthesia group. This showed that epidural anesthesia has an advantage over general anesthesia especially as regards 01 minute Apgar score as well as being safe for the mother. So this mode of anesthesia should be preferred

Partial Anodontia

A severe case of partial anodontia male aged, 24 is reported with the complaint of speech and masticatory function prevailing with difficulties. He has been successfully and conservatively treated with full upper and lower overlay dentures. Aesthetics, speech and masticatory function have been improved with no deterioration in oral health

Mouth opening; range in normal Pakistani subjects

Maximum mouth opening was studied in five hundred adults ranging from 18-60 years. The measurements were taken three times and greatest opening was recorded. Results showed values in males than the females