RESUMO
Objective: There are various developmental screening tools that are different in terms of psychometric characteristics and choosing the best one is challenging for the pediatrician. This research was designed to identify the validity and reliability of Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status, a developmental screening questionnaire, in 4-60 months-old children in the city of Tehran
Methods: In order to validate the Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status, a precise translation of the questionnaire was performed by the research team. A Persian version was back-translated by three English language experts who were unfamiliar with the Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status. The back-translated version was compared with the original version. The content validity of the finalized Persian version was verified by three pediatricians. The questionnaire was performed on 648 children ranging from 4 to 60 months old in healthcare clinics. A test-retest method with 2-3 weeks interval and Cronbach's alpha were used in order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire
Results: All of the questions in Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status had desirable content validity and there was no need to change them. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.63, which, when considering the low number of items in Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status, is acceptable. The test-retest correlation coefficient was determined to be 0.87, which is desirable. The estimated Kappa measure agreement between Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status and Ages and Stages Questionnaires was 0.30. Due to the rather large sample size and similarity of the screening results by both questionnaires in 71.5% of cases, it is possible to conclude that this measure is an acceptable one
Discussion: This research showed that Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status has a good content validity and reliability and can be used for developmental screening of children in Tehran city. Because the test is brief, using it can lead to saving time and resources
RESUMO
Objective: This research was made to personal- social developmental screening of 4-60 months old children in Tehran city by DDST-II and ASQ and determining the agreement coefficient of two tests
Materials and Methods: In this study, the personal-social developmental status of 197 children 4-60 months old were screened by using ASQ and PDQ [93 girls and 104 boys]. Convenient sampling was used. Data was analyzed by SPSS software
Results: By using DDST-II and ASQ personal- social developmental delay detected in 11% and 1.5% of children respectively. The estimated consistency coefficient between DDST-II and ASQ for Personal- social domain was 0.06
Conclusion: In this study personal- social developmental screening of children showed different results and kappa measure agreement of two tests was weak. For selecting a suitable tool we must consider the psychometric characteristics [sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicting power] of the tool. This study showed that the results of developmental screening of 4-60 months old children in Tehran by using ASQ and PDQ lead to different results. This finding emphasizes the need to comparing the results of screening tests with a diagnostic gold standard test
RESUMO
This research was designed to identify the validity and reliability of the Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire 2 [PDQ-II] in Tehran in comparison with the Denver Developmental Screening Test-II [DDST-II]. After translation and back translation, the final Persian version of test was verified by three pediatricians and also by reviewing relevant literature for content validity. The test was performed on 237 children ranging from 0 to 6 years old, recruited by convenient sampling, from four health care clinics in Tehran city. They were also evaluated by DDST II simultaneously. Interrater methods and Cronbach's alpha were used to determine reliability of the test. The Kappa agreement coefficient between PDQ and DDST II was determined. The data was analyzed by SPSS software. All of the questions in PDQ had satisfactory content validity. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0-9 months, 9-24 months, 2-4 years and 4-6 years questionnaires were 0.951, 0.926, 0.950 and 0.876, respectively. The Kappa measure of agreement for interrater tests was 0.89. The estimated agreement coefficient between PDQ and DDST II was 0.383. Based on two different categorizing possibilities for questionable scores, that is, "Delayed" or "Normal", sensitivity and specificity of PDQ was determined to be 35.7-63% and 75.8-92.2%, respectively. PDQ has a good content validity and reliability and moderate sensitivity and specificity in comparison with the DDST-II, but by considering their relatively weak agreement coefficient, using it along with DDST-II for a two-stage developmental screening process, remains doubtful
RESUMO
To identify the validity and reliability of Denver Developmental Screening Test II [DDST II] in Iranian children, in order to provide an appropriate developmental screening tool for evaluation of Iranian children development. A precise translation of the original test to Persian was done and it was revised by three developmental pediatricians. Then, DDST II was performed on 221 children aged 0 to 6 years, in four child health care centers of Tehran city. Available sampling was used. In order to determine agreement coefficient, these children were also evaluated by ASQ test in 4-60 months old children, and by developmental pediatricians in children who were out of this range. Obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software. There were developmental disorders in 34% and 12% of children who were examined by DDST II, and ASQ test respectively. The estimated consistency coefficient between DDST II and ASQ was weak [0.21], and between DDST II and physician's examination was 0.44. All of the questions in DDST II had content validity, and there was no need to change them. Test-retest and interrater methods were used in order to determine reliability of test, and Cronbach's alpha and Kauder-Richardson coefficients. Kauder- Richardson coefficient for different developmental domains was 61- 74%. Kappa measure of agreement for test-retest and interrater were 87% and 76% respectively. DDST II has a good validity and reliability, and can be used as a screening tool for developmental screening of Iranian children, but it is necessary to prepare and standardize of diagnostic developmental tests in Iran due to the low and medium consistency coefficient between DDST II and ASQ and physician's examination respectively
RESUMO
This research was designed to identify the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Denver Developmental Screening Test II [DDST-II] in Iranian children, in order to provide an appropriate developmental screening tool for Iranian child health workers. At first a precise translation of test was done by three specialists in English literature and then it was revised by three pediatricians familiar with developmental domains. Then, DDST-II was performed on 221 children ranging from 0 to 6 years, in four Child Health Clinics, in north, south, east and west regions of Tehran city. In order to determine the agreement coefficient, these children were also evaluated by Ages and Stages Questionnaires [ASQ] test. Because ASQ is designed to use for 4-60 month- old children, children who were out of this rang were evaluated by developmental pediatricians. Available sampling was used. Obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software. Developmental disorders were observed in 34% of children who were examined by DDST-II, and in 12% of children who were examined by ASQ test. The estimated consistency coefficient between DDST-II and ASQ was 0.21, which is weak, and between DDST-II and the physicians' examination was 0.44. The content validity of DDST-II was verified by reviewing books and journals, and by specialists' opinions. All of the questions in DDST-II had appropriate content validity, and there was no need to change them. Test-retest and Inter-rater methods were used in order to determine reliability of the test, by Cronbach's alpha and Kauder-Richardson coefficients. Kauder-Richardson coefficient for different developmental domains was between 61% and 74%, which is good. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Kappa measure of agreement for test-retest were 92% and 87% and for Inter-rater 90% and 76%, respectively. Persian version of DDST-II has a good validity and reliability, and can be used as a screening tool for developmental screening of children in Tehran city