The effect of drainage in cavities on preventing from grade B and C of the pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of drainage in cavities on preventing from grade B and C of the pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2008 to June 2010, the medical team had performed the operations of digestive tract reconstruction by the same way in 68 cases with PD. There were 43 male and 25 female patients, with a mean age of (64 ± 3) years. The patients were simply randomly divided into drainage in cavities group (DC, n = 32) and conventional drainage group (CD, n = 36) according to the different drainage way. The methods of drainage in cavities were composed of three aspects which include drainage in main pancreatic duct, drainage around cholecystojejunostomy anastomosis and peripancreatic drainage. The clinical parameters of the two groups were collected. The characteristics of the drainage juice which include color, volume and amylase value in the two groups were compared. The incidence and severity grading of pancreatic fistula between the two groups were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average of amylase value and the peripancreatic drainage flow were (1401 ± 8) U/L and (49 ± 5) ml in the DC group. Their average in the CD group were (2160 ± 13) U/L and (76 ± 4) ml. There was significant statistical difference in the peripancreatic drainage flow between the two groups (t = 2.597, P = 0.031). The amylase values of the drainage juice between the two groups were of no statistical difference (P > 0.05). According to the definition of pancreatic fistula by an international study group, the incidence of pancreatic fistula in the DC group was 25.0% (8/32) and the CD group 30.5% (11/36) (P > 0.05). The proportion of grades B and C of pancreatic fistula in the DC group had statistical difference compared with one of the CD group (χ(2) = 4.797, P = 0.029).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Drainage in cavities could significantly decrease and the occurring ratio of grade B and C of pancreatic fistula after PD.</p>

Characteristic gene expression profiles in the progression from normal gastric epithelial cells to moderate gastric epithelial dysplasia and to gastric cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Gastric cancer ranks high among the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. This study was designed to explore key genes involved in the progression of normal gastric epithelial cells to moderate gastric epithelial dysplasia (mGED) and to gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve pairs of mGED tissues, gastric cancer tissues, and normal gastric tissues were collected by gastroscopy. Total RNA was then extracted and purified. After the addition of fluorescent tags, hybridization was carried out on a Gene chip microarray slide. Significance analysis of microarrays was performed to determine significant differences in gene expression between the different tissue types.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Microarray data analysis revealed totally 34 genes that were expressed differently: 18 highly expressed (fold change > 2; P < 0.01) and 16 down-regulated (fold change > 2; P < 0.01). Of the 34 genes, 24 belonged to several different functional categories such as structural molecule activity, extracellular regions, structural formation, cell death, biological adhesion, developmental processes, locomotion, and biological regulation that were associated with cancer. The remaining 10 genes were not involved in cancer research. Of these genes, the expression levels of Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12), Caspase-associated recruitment domain 14 (CARD14), and Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) were confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. A two-way clustering algorithm divided the 36 samples into three categories and the overall correct classification efficiency was 80.6% (29/36). Almost all of these genes (31/34) showed constant changes in the process of normal gastric epithelial cells to mGED to gastric cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of this study provided global gene expression profiles during the development and progression from normal gastric epithelial cells to mGED to gastric cancer. These data may provide new insights into the molecular pathology of gastric cancer which may be useful for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment.</p>

Vimentin significantly promoted gallbladder carcinoma metastasis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The precise molecular mechanisms underlying the gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) metastasis has not been fully elucidated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the present study, metastasis-associated proteins were identified by comparative proteomic analysis. The functional study of the candidate protein vimentin was further investigated. First, a pair of higher and lower metastatic sublines (termed GBC-SD/M3 and GBC-SD, respectively), originated from the same parental cell line, was screened by spontaneous tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo in animal study and further characterized by metastatic phenotypes analysis in vitro. Subsequently, a proteomic approach comprised two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis and mass spectroscopy was used to identify and compare the protein expression patterns between higher metastatic GBC-SD/M3 and lower metastatic GBC-SD cell lines. Then twenty-six proteins were identified.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 26 proteins identified, fourteen proteins were up-regulated and 12 proteins were down-regulated in GBC-SD/M3. Vimentin was identified and found to be overexpressed in GBC-SD/M3 as compared with GBC-SD. This result was further confirmed by quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis. Furthermore, the cell migration and invasion potency of GBC-SD/M3 in vitro was remarkably suppressed after small interference RNA-mediated knockdown of vimentin. Moreover, immunoblot and immunohistochemical analysis on 12 human GBC specimens showed consistently increased vimentin expression in metastases compared with primary tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tumor vimentin level may reflect the pathological progression in some GBC and may be a useful marker for predicting tumor metastasis and a therapeutic target for the treatment of GBC patients with metastases.</p>

Mechanism research in somatostatin reverting the chemosensitivity of GBC-SD cell line / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of increasing chemosensitivity of gallbladder carcinoma stimulated by somatostatin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>GBC-SD cells were divided into four groups: SST-alone-treated group, Doxorubicin (DOX)-alone-treated group and co-treated group (co-treatment of SST and DOX). In the control group, the cells were cultivated by medium only. In SST-alone-treated group, the cells were cultivated by medium with SST in the concentration of 75 microg/ml. In DOX-alone-treated group, the cells were cultivated by medium with DOX in the gradient concentrations of 5, 10, 20 microg/ml. In the co-treated group, cells were first cultivated by medium with 75 microg/ml SST for 24 h, followed by the addition of DOX in the gradient concentrations mentioned above. Cell viability curve was measured by MTT assay at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. Meanwhile, the alterations of protein expressions of ICBP90 and Topo IIalpha after treatment of SST were examined by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The treatment of SST alone on GBC-SD cells did not exert significantly inhibitory effect compared to the control group (P > 0.05). However, 24 h after the treatment of SST, the protein expressions of ICBP90 and Topo IIalpha were both up-regulated (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Up-regulated the expression of ICBP90 by somatostatin maybe the cause of overexpression of Topo IIalpha, which leads to the enhanced lethal effect of DOX.</p>

Role of dissection of secondary branches of splenic pedicle in portal hypertension cases undergoing splenectomy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It is well known that conventional splenectomy, which requires careful handling and ligation of tissue of the splenic hilum, can easily cause complications such as splenic fever and pancreatic fistula. Here, we use the technique of dissection of the secondary branches of the splenic pedicle to handle the hilum in the portal hypertension patients who are subjected to splenectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively compared and analyzed the complications, postoperative hospital stay, operative time, and occurrence of hemorrhage in 121 patients with portal hypertension undergoing splenectomy and devascularization of the gastric cardia from January 1999 to December 2007. The selected cases consisted of 51 patients undergoing conventional splenectomy and 70 patients undergoing dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between size of the spleen and occurrence of complications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of pancreatic fistula and splenic fever (0/70 and 9/70) was lower in patients undergoing dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle as compared with that of the conventional group (5/51 and 18/51 respectively). In addition, there was no significant difference in operative time and volume of blood loss between two groups. The spleen thickness of those patients who had pancreatic fistula and splenic fever was significantly greater than those without complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These results indicate that dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle in portal hypertension patients undergoing splenectomy can decrease the incidence of splenic fever and pancreatic fistula, and shorten the postoperative hospital stay, especially in the patients with a large spleen. So dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle is a valuable technique for splenectomy.</p>