Enhanced endoplasmic reticulum RyR1 receptor phosphorylation leads to diaphragmatic dysfunction in septic rats / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) expression and phosphorylation in sepsis- induced diaphragm dysfunction.@*METHODS@#Thirty SPF male SD rats were randomized equally into 5 groups, including a sham-operated group, 3 sepsis model groups observed at 6, 12, or 24 h following cecal ligation and perforation (CLP; CLP-6h, CLP-12h, and CLP-24h groups, respectively), and a CLP-24h group with a single intraperitoneal injection of KN- 93 immediately after the operation (CLP-24h+KN-93 group). At the indicated time points, diaphragm samples were collected for measurement of compound muscle action potential (CMAP), fatigue index of the isolated diaphragm and fitted frequencycontraction curves. The protein expression levels of CaMK Ⅱ, RyR1 and P-RyR1 in the diaphragm were detected using Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#In the rat models of sepsis, the amplitude of diaphragm CMAP decreased and its duration increased with time following CLP, and the changes were the most obvious at 24 h and significantly attenuated by KN-93 treatment (P < 0.05). The diaphragm fatigue index increased progressively following CLP (P < 0.05) irrespective of KN- 93 treatment (P>0.05). The frequency-contraction curve of the diaphragm muscle decreased progressively following CLP, and was significantly lower in CLP-24 h group than in CLP-24 h+KN-93 group (P < 0.05). Compared with that in the sham-operated group, RyR1 expression level in the diaphragm was significantly lowered at 24 h (P < 0.05) but not at 6 or 12 following CLP, irrespective of KN-93 treatment; The expression level of P-RyR1 increased gradually with time after CLP, and was significantly lowered by KN-93 treatment at 24 h following CLP (P < 0.05). The expression level of CaMKⅡ increased significantly at 24 h following CLP, and was obviously lowered by KN-93 treatment (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Sepsis causes diaphragmatic dysfunction by enhancing CaMK Ⅱ expression and RyR1 receptor phosphorylation in the endoplasmic reticulum of the diaphragm.

Investigation and study on how medical college freshmen make use of their spare time / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To understand the utilization of spare time among medical college freshmen at different academic levels and to explore the factors that affect undergraduates' utilization of spare time and their solutions.Methods The questionnaire is designed by myself,including after-school time planning,arrangement purpose,arrangement content and time allocation,etc.392 freshmen with three different educational levels were selected by cluster sampling.The questionnaires were issued and recovered in anonymous way.Data was recorded and collated by EpiData software,and descriptive analysis and chisquare test was used by SPSS 19.0.Results There are basic or frequent arrangements in spare time for 40.5％ (155 people) of medical students.For 61.5％ (236 people) of medical students,relaxation is the purpose in arranging their activity in spare time.Medical students who surf the Internet,read books and sleep in spare time account for 28.7％ (110 people),28.5％ (109 people) and 22.3％ (85 people) respectively.60.5％ (232 people) of medical students chat and play games on the Internet.There are significant differences among the three groups of different academic levels in the purposes of arrangements,activity contents,internet surfing time and attitude of part-time job (P＜0.05).Conclusion There are deficiencies in the utilization of spare time among medical college freshmen,and different academic levels are probably one of the influential factors that affect college students' utilization of spare time.

Epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of norovirus-G Ⅱ.2, G Ⅱ.17 and G Ⅱ.4/Sydney in Guangdong province, 2013-2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the epidemiologic characteristics of outbreaks,caused by norovims-G Ⅱ.2、G Ⅱ.17 and G Ⅱ.4/Sydney in Guangdong Province from 2013 to 2017 and to provide scientific evidence for epidemic prevention and control.Methods Incidence data of norovirus outbreaks in Guangdong from January 1st 2013 to November 30th 2017 were collected from Public Health Emergency Management Information System.RT-PCR was performed for every case of each outbreak to detect norovirus nucleic acid and gene sequencing was conducted to identify the genotype of norovirus.Characteristics of norovirus G Ⅱ.2,G Ⅱ.17 and G Ⅱ.4/Sydney outbreaks were analyzed.Directly standardized method was used to calculate the proportion of symtoms as diarrhea and vomitting.Results From January 1st 2013 to November 30th 2017,a total of 167 norovirus outbreaks were reported in Guangdong,and 115 outbreaks were caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.2,G Ⅱ.17 and G Ⅱ.4/Sydney respectively.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.2 accounted for 39.68％ (25/63) in primary schools,28.57％ (18/63) in child care settings,25.40％ (16/63) in middle schools and 6.35％ (4/63) in universities.Outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.17 accounted for 41.03％ (16/39) in middle schools,20.51％ (8/39) at workplaces,15.38％ (6/39) in primary schools,12.82％ (5/39) in universities,5.13％ (2/39) in communities and child care settings respectively.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.4/Sydney accounted for 53.85％ (7/13) in universities,15.38％ (2/13) in child care settings and at workplaces respectively,7.69％ (1/13) in primary schools and middle schools respectively.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.2 had 77.78％ (49/63) of contact transmission,17.46％ (11/63) of food-borne transmission.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.17 showed 53.85％ (21/39) of food-borne transmission,15.38％ (6/39) of contract transmission,12.82％ (5/39) of water-borne transmission.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.4/Sydney had 53.85％ (7/13) of food-borne transmission,38.46％ (5/13) of the contact transmission.In terms of the clinical manifestations,the standardized proportion of vomit was 73.76％ and the proportion of diarrhea was 42.85％ in cases infected with norovirus G Ⅱ.2,the proportion of standardized of vomit was 76.37％ and the proportion of diarrhea was 51.40％ in cases infected with norovirus G Ⅱ.17,with the standardized proportion of vomit was 54.10％ and the proportion of diarrhea was 55.95％ in cases infected with norovirus G Ⅱ.4/Sydney.Conclusions The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.2 through contact transmission mainly occurred in primary schools,child care settings and middle schools.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.17 through food-borne transmission mainly occurred in middle schools and at workplaces.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.4/Sydney food-borne transmission and contact mainly occurred in universities.

Epidemiological characteristics of Coxsackie virus A16 caused hand foot and mouth disease cases in Guangdong province, 2012-2016 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases caused by Coxsackie virus A16 (Cox A16) in Guangdong province from 2012 to 2016.Methods The data of mild HFMD cases caused by Cox A 16 were collected from 8 sentinel hospitals in 8 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong to estimate Cox A16 infection status and its population and time distribution characteristics.Results (1) The highest estimated incidence of Cox A16 infection was in 2014 (113.0/100 000),followed by 2016 (86.4/100 000) and 2012 (79.1/100 000),while the estimated incidence was lower in 2015 (29.0/100 000) and 2013 (28.8/100 000).(2) Cox A16 was confirmed to be the predominant pathogen causing HFMD outbreaks (54.6％,89/163).The number of outbreaks in the year with high incidence (28 outbreaks) was 11.2 times higher than that in the year with low incidence (2.5 outbreaks).(3) Across all age groups,the annual estimated incidence of Cox A16 infection decreased with age (trend x2=853 905.63,P＜0.01).The incidence was highest in age group 1 year (1 449.2/100 000),followed by that in age group 3 years (1 097.0/100 000),in age group 2 years (1 083.5/100 000),in age group 4 years (687.8/100 000) and in age group 0 year (604.9/100 000).Among the age groups ＜12 months,the estimated incidence increased with age (trend g2=5 541.77,P ＜ 0.01),which was highest in age group 11-months (2 105.1/100 000),followed by that in age groups 10-months (1 448.6/100 000),9-months (938.3/100 000),8-months (703.3/100 000) and 6-months (664.6/100 000).(4) The annual incidence peak was during May (143.9/100 000)-June (131.5/100 000).Conclusion The prevalence of Cox A16 infection differed with year in Guangdong during 2012-2016.When the incidence of Cox A16 infection was high,more outbreaks occurred.The prevalence occurred mainly in nurseries and kindergartens from May to June each year.Children aged 0-4 years were the high risk group for Cox A16 infection,children aged 6-11 months were at high risk for Cox A16 infection.

Effect of the taurine on striatum tissue cell cycle and apoptosis in manganese exposed rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To elucidate the effect of taurine on neurotoxicity induced by Mn by investigating cell cycle and apoptosis in manganese exposed rats.@*Methods@#156 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 1 control group, 3 manganese exposure groups (10, 15, and 20 mg/kg respectively) , and 9 intervened groups based on orthogonal design, with 12 rats in each group. After 12 weeks of exposure, all rats were decapitated and striatums were removed, cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, the apoptosis was detected by TUNEL, level of Mn was determined.@*Results@#The striatum apoptosis index of the 3 dose groups exposed to Mn were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05) . The striatum apoptosis index of the 9 intervened groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05) . 150 and 200 mg/kg of taurine could decrease apoptosis index of the group exposed to 10、15、20 mg/kg of Mn (P<0.05) . The striatum Mn content of the 3 dose groups exposed to Mn were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) . The G0/G1 proportion of the 3 dose groups exposed to Mn were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) , the S proportion of the 3 dose groups exposed to Mn were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#Mn could cause cell cycle arrest to S, increase level of apoptosis in striatum, to a certain extent, taurine can protect neurons from apoptosis induced by Mn.

Epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of norovirus-G Ⅱ.2, G Ⅱ.17 and G Ⅱ.4/Sydney in Guangdong province, 2013-2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the epidemiologic characteristics of outbreaks,caused by norovims-G Ⅱ.2、G Ⅱ.17 and G Ⅱ.4/Sydney in Guangdong Province from 2013 to 2017 and to provide scientific evidence for epidemic prevention and control.Methods Incidence data of norovirus outbreaks in Guangdong from January 1st 2013 to November 30th 2017 were collected from Public Health Emergency Management Information System.RT-PCR was performed for every case of each outbreak to detect norovirus nucleic acid and gene sequencing was conducted to identify the genotype of norovirus.Characteristics of norovirus G Ⅱ.2,G Ⅱ.17 and G Ⅱ.4/Sydney outbreaks were analyzed.Directly standardized method was used to calculate the proportion of symtoms as diarrhea and vomitting.Results From January 1st 2013 to November 30th 2017,a total of 167 norovirus outbreaks were reported in Guangdong,and 115 outbreaks were caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.2,G Ⅱ.17 and G Ⅱ.4/Sydney respectively.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.2 accounted for 39.68％ (25/63) in primary schools,28.57％ (18/63) in child care settings,25.40％ (16/63) in middle schools and 6.35％ (4/63) in universities.Outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.17 accounted for 41.03％ (16/39) in middle schools,20.51％ (8/39) at workplaces,15.38％ (6/39) in primary schools,12.82％ (5/39) in universities,5.13％ (2/39) in communities and child care settings respectively.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.4/Sydney accounted for 53.85％ (7/13) in universities,15.38％ (2/13) in child care settings and at workplaces respectively,7.69％ (1/13) in primary schools and middle schools respectively.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.2 had 77.78％ (49/63) of contact transmission,17.46％ (11/63) of food-borne transmission.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.17 showed 53.85％ (21/39) of food-borne transmission,15.38％ (6/39) of contract transmission,12.82％ (5/39) of water-borne transmission.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.4/Sydney had 53.85％ (7/13) of food-borne transmission,38.46％ (5/13) of the contact transmission.In terms of the clinical manifestations,the standardized proportion of vomit was 73.76％ and the proportion of diarrhea was 42.85％ in cases infected with norovirus G Ⅱ.2,the proportion of standardized of vomit was 76.37％ and the proportion of diarrhea was 51.40％ in cases infected with norovirus G Ⅱ.17,with the standardized proportion of vomit was 54.10％ and the proportion of diarrhea was 55.95％ in cases infected with norovirus G Ⅱ.4/Sydney.Conclusions The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.2 through contact transmission mainly occurred in primary schools,child care settings and middle schools.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.17 through food-borne transmission mainly occurred in middle schools and at workplaces.The outbreaks caused by norovirus G Ⅱ.4/Sydney food-borne transmission and contact mainly occurred in universities.

Epidemiological characteristics of Coxsackie virus A16 caused hand foot and mouth disease cases in Guangdong province, 2012-2016 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases caused by Coxsackie virus A16 (Cox A16) in Guangdong province from 2012 to 2016.Methods The data of mild HFMD cases caused by Cox A 16 were collected from 8 sentinel hospitals in 8 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong to estimate Cox A16 infection status and its population and time distribution characteristics.Results (1) The highest estimated incidence of Cox A16 infection was in 2014 (113.0/100 000),followed by 2016 (86.4/100 000) and 2012 (79.1/100 000),while the estimated incidence was lower in 2015 (29.0/100 000) and 2013 (28.8/100 000).(2) Cox A16 was confirmed to be the predominant pathogen causing HFMD outbreaks (54.6％,89/163).The number of outbreaks in the year with high incidence (28 outbreaks) was 11.2 times higher than that in the year with low incidence (2.5 outbreaks).(3) Across all age groups,the annual estimated incidence of Cox A16 infection decreased with age (trend x2=853 905.63,P＜0.01).The incidence was highest in age group 1 year (1 449.2/100 000),followed by that in age group 3 years (1 097.0/100 000),in age group 2 years (1 083.5/100 000),in age group 4 years (687.8/100 000) and in age group 0 year (604.9/100 000).Among the age groups ＜12 months,the estimated incidence increased with age (trend g2=5 541.77,P ＜ 0.01),which was highest in age group 11-months (2 105.1/100 000),followed by that in age groups 10-months (1 448.6/100 000),9-months (938.3/100 000),8-months (703.3/100 000) and 6-months (664.6/100 000).(4) The annual incidence peak was during May (143.9/100 000)-June (131.5/100 000).Conclusion The prevalence of Cox A16 infection differed with year in Guangdong during 2012-2016.When the incidence of Cox A16 infection was high,more outbreaks occurred.The prevalence occurred mainly in nurseries and kindergartens from May to June each year.Children aged 0-4 years were the high risk group for Cox A16 infection,children aged 6-11 months were at high risk for Cox A16 infection.

Liver failure staging and MELD predicted the short term prognosis of HBV-acute-on-chronic liver failure / 重庆医学

Objective To study the clinical significance of liver failure staging and MELD in predicting the short term prognosis of HBV-acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).Methods One hundred and ten HBV-ACLF patients admitted to our hospital from July 2013 to July 2015 were included into this study.They were divided into early stage group (n=18),middle stage group (n=48) and end stage group (n=44),the fatality rate in each group was evaluated.According to the MELD score at baseline,they were divided into four groups,MELD＜20 (n =24),20≤ MELD＜30 (n=54),30≤MELD＜40(n =28),40≤MELD (n =4).The fatality rate in each group was evaluated.In the middle stage group,they were be divided into two groups,/△MELD＜0 and △MELD＞0(△MELD=MELD1w-MELDbaseline).The fatality rate in each group was evaluated.Results The fatality rate of the 3 groups(Early,Middle and End stage group) at 3th month was 0,50％,95 ％ respectively(P＜ 0.05).The fatality rate of the 4 groups (MELD＜20,20≤MELD＜30,30≤MELD＜40,40≤MELD)was 31.58％,66.67％,85.71％ and 100％ respectively (P＜ 0.05).In the middle stage group,the fatality rate of the two groups was (△MELD＜0 and △MELD＞ 0)41.18％ and 85.71％ (P=0.001).Conclusion It can be shown that the survival probability of early stage group was high,the probability of death in end stage group and middle stage group with△MELD＞0 was high.

Effect of the mediation of the taurine on striatum tissue Ca2+ homeostasis in manganese exposed rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To elucidate the effect of taurine on neurotoxicity induced by Mn by investigating activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and content of Mn and active calmodulin in manganese exposed rats.@*Methods@#156 male SD rats were randomly divided into 1 control group, 3 manganese exposed groups (10, 15, and 20 mg/kg respectively) , and 9 taurine intervened groups based on orthogonal design (doses of taurine intervention were 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg respectively) , with 12 rats in each group. After 12 weeks of exposure, all rats were decapitated and corpus striatums were removed, activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and content of Mn and active calmodulin were analyzed.@*Results@#The corpus striatum Mn content of the 3 dose groups exposed to Mn and 9 taurine intervened groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Active calmodulin content in 10 mg/kg manganese exposed group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) . 150 and 200 mg/kg of taurine could decrease active calmodulin content of the group exposed to 10 mg/kg of Mn (P<0.05) . The corpus striatum activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase of the 3 dose groups exposed to Mn were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) . 150 mg/kg of taurine could increase activities of Na+-K+-ATPase of the group exposed to 10 mg/kg of Mn (P<0.05) . 150 and 200 mg/kg of taurine could respectively improve activities of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase of the group exposed to 15, 10 mg/kg of Mn (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#Mn can decrease the rats corpus striatum activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, effect level of active calmodulin in relation to dose of Mn, to a certain extent, taurine could regulate activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and improve the level of active calmodulin.

Effect of health education on diabetics with role lack / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To improve self-management of diabetics with role lack.Methods A total of 121 diabetics with role lack were enrolled and received mass education and individual counseling.Serum levels of glucose and lipid profiles and body mass index (BMI) were assessed and compared before and after intervention by using paired t test.Results Knowledge on diabetes ( 79.37 ± 12.45 vs 31.69 ± 9.36,t =2.860,P ＜ 0.05) and self-management skills ( 9.21 ± 2.85 vs 4.43 ± 1.72,t =2.812,P ＜ 0.05 ) were significantly improved after receiving health education,although fasting plasma glucose [ ( 6.3 ± 1.8 ) vs (8.1 ±2.1) mmol/L,t =2.736,P ＜0.05],2-h postprandial blood glucose [(8.1 ±3.7) vs (12.8 ±4.1)mmol/L,t =3.549,P ＜ 0.05 ],glycosylated hemoglobin Alc [ (6.4 ± 2.5 ) ％ vs (7.1 ± 2.7 ) ％,t =2.603,P ＜ 0.05 ],total cholesterol [ ( 5.2 ± 2.3 ) vs ( 6.3 ± 2.4 ) mmol/L,t =2.036,P ＜ 0.05 ],triglyceride [(1.7±0.7) vs (2.4±0.8) mmol/L,t=2.368,P＜0.05] and BMI [(25.6±6.2) vs (27.3±6.5)kg/m2,t =2.546,P ＜ 0.05 ] were largely decreased.Conclusion Health education could improve selfmanagement and cure of diabetic patient with role lack.

Effect of losartan on ventricular arrhythmia in elderly patients with hypertension / 中华老年医学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of losartan on ventricular arrhythmia in elderly patients with hypertension.Methods The 78 hypertension subjects with ventricular arrhythmia aged 65 to 89 years were randomly assigned to treatment with losartan or placebo (enalapril) for 12 months. The blood pressure, left ventricular mass index and ventricular arrhythmia were observed and analyzed.ResultsAfter 12 months treatment, the pressure lowering effect was similar in losartan versus enalapril groups, there were no differences in systolic pressure decrement and diastolic pressure decrement between the two groups (P＞0. 05). Left ventricular mass index was lower in enalapril groupthaninlosartangroup [(109.2±15. 4) g · m-2 vs. (128.5±16. 7) g · m-2, t=2.015, P＜0. 05].However, the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmia was lower in losartan group than in enalapril group [(628. 5±176.8)/24 h vs. (852.9±215.7)/24 h, t=2.417,P＜0.05]. No Pearson's correlations of reduction of ventricular arrhythmia with reduction of blood pressure (systolic: r=0. 094, P＞0. 05; diastolic: r= 0.08, P＞0. 05) and reduction of left ventricular mass index were found. in losartan group.Conclusions Initiation of antihypertensive treatment with losartan in elderly subjects appears to cause more reduction of ventricular arrhythmia than with enalapril, despite similar reduction of blood pressure.

Molecular basis for losartan regulating transient outward potassium current / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the molecular basis for anti-ventricular arrhythmic effects by losartan through measuring alteration in mRNA and protein levels of key K+ α channel-and-β subunits (Kv4.2,Kv4.3 and KChIP2) in ventricular myocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).Methods SHRs were randomly assigned to losartan[10mg·kg-1·d-1,n=12] or placebo (n= 12) with age-and weight-matched WKY rats (n = 12) as control.After 8 weeks of treatment,cardiomyocytes were isolated by enzymolysis.Action potential of cardiomyocytes Ito was recorded,mRNA and protein levels of Kv4.2,Kv4.3 and KChIP2 were assessed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Results The action potential duration (APD) measured at 50% and 90% repolarization was shorter in losartan group [(16.82 ± 3.79) ms and (68.49±13.25) ms] than in SHR control group [(24.56±4.59) ms and (73.26±15.47) ms,all P<0.01].Losartan increased Ito current density associated with significant increases in the mean levels of mRNA and protein of Kv4.2 and Ky4.3,and with significant decreases in the mean levels of mRNA and protein of KChIP2 compared with those in placebo SHR (all P<0.01).Conclusions Chronic blockade of AT1 receptors with losartan reverses cardiomyocytes electrical remodeling in SHR,resulting in the shortening of APD,which is associated with increasing Ito density by increasing mRNA and protein expression of Kv4.2,Kv4.3 and by decreasing mRNA and protein expression of KChIP2.