Temporal response of ovine fetal plasma erythropoietin induced by fetal hemorrhage / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The ovine fetus responds to hemorrhage with a 10-20 fold increase in plasma erythropoietin (EPO) concentration at 24 hr and a return toward normal at 48 hr after the hemorrhage. The objective of the present study was more accurately to compare the magnitude and time course of the plasma EPO response after fetal hemorrhage. METHODS: Chronically catheterized, 12 of late gestation ovine fetus were gradually hemorrhaged 40% of their blood volume over 2 hr (1ml/min). Plasma was sampled for EPO concentration at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36 hr after initiating the hemorrhage were collected at these times. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma EPO concentrations. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. RESULT: After a slow hemorrhage in the ovine fetus (1ml/min over 2hr), plasma EPO concentration increased significantly at 4hr (2.3 times basal values), reached a maximum at 16 hr (33.3 times basal values), and declined thereafter. CONCLUSION: We studied change in time course of the fetal plasma EPO after slow hemorrhage and recent studies have shown that the fetal kidney, liver and placenta express EPO mRNA. These observation suggest that plasma EPO increase may be mediated by a tissue specific up-regulation of EPO transcription in the fetal kidney, liver and placenta. We have studied change in Epo mRNA expression in various fetal tissue after slow haemorrhage.

Serum levels and expression of Mullerian inhibiting substance in the human ovary during menstrual cycle / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to obtain information on normal MIS serum levels according to menstrual cycles of adult normal cycling women . It was also designed to obtain information on the ontogeny of the production profile of MIS and the pattern of its localization in ovary from adult normal cycling women. METHODS: Between January 1998 and January 1999, normal MIS serum levels were measured according to menstrual cycles using 160 serum samples from adult normal cycling women by ELISA. The ontogeny of the production profile of MIS and the pattern of its localization were also studied by immunohistochemical staining using the rabbit polyclonal antibody against human recombinant MIS in 35 ovarian specimens from adult normal cycling women. RESULT: The MIS levels were gradually increased through the follicular phase, reaching at its maximum at the ovulatory phase(4.2+/-2.6 ng/ml), and sharply decreased at the beginning of the luteal phase being minimized at the premenstrual phase(0.5+/-0.2 ng/ml). In average, the MIS levels of the follicular phase(3.7+/-1.9 ng/ml) were significantly higher than those of the luteal phase(1.8+/-2.4 ng/ml)(P<0.05). The MIS levels of the preovulatory and ovulatory phase were significantly higher than those of the other cycle days(P<0.05). Even the early follicular phase(2.9+/-1.6 ng/ml) showed higher MIS levels than the advanced luteal phase(0.9+/-0.7 ng/ml) and the premenstrual phase(0.5+/-0.2 ng/ml)(P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively). The first staining for MIS was detected in the cytoplasm of granulosa cells when the flattened granulosa cells changed to the cuboidal cells in primordial follicles. The granulosa cells of both single and multiple layered growing follicles showed strong specific staining for MIS. but the MIS staining was not found not in the mature follicle just before ovulation, atretic follicles, corpus luteum, and corpus albicans. MIS staining waned in the mature follicles just before ovulation. CONCLUSION: These experiments demonstrate that the MIS is produced by ovarian granulosa cells in normal reproductive females. The MIS may play an important role as a hormone of follicular development and oocyte maturation through interactions with female steroid hormones, gonadotropins, and growth factors during the adult reproductive cycle.

Tumor necrosis factor - a ( TNF - a ) , Vascular cell adhesion molecule - 1 ( VCAM - 1 ) and Lipid peroxide in Maternal plasma of Uncomplicated Pregnancy / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of study was to assess in a longitudinal study of maternal plasma concentrations of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha), Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), Lipid peroxide (malonaldehyde, MDA) in uncomplicated pregnancy. METHODS: Blood was collected from healthy women at 4 to 41 weeks' gestation and non-pregnant women. Plasma samples were measured by immunoassay for TNF-alpha, VACM-1 and by colorimetric assay for lipid peroxide, and data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Plasma concentration of TNF-alpha was not significantly elevated during first trimester compared with non-pregnant women, but significantly elevated during second and third trimester compared with non-pregnant women. Plasma concentration of VCAM-1 was significantly elevated during first trimester compared with non-pregnant women. Plasma concentration of lipid peroxide was not significantly elevated during pregnancy compared with non-pregnant women. CONCLUSION: The plasma concentration of TNF-alpha and VCAM-1 were significantly higher than that of non-pregnant state during second and third trimester in case of TNF-alpha, and during first trimester in case of VCAM-1. But the plasma concentration of lipid peroxide during pregnancy was not significantly different from that of non-pregnant, and the plasma concentration was kept up constant levels during gestation. These were seems to be meant that abnormal pregnancy would be happened if the level is above or below the measured level.

A Case for Treatment of Precocious Pseudopuberty Associated with Follicular cyst / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Small follicular cysts are common findings in the ovaries of prepubertal girls, and in most cases, they are of no clinical importance. Ocassionally these cysts may enlarge and continue to produce estrogen, resulting in signs of precocious sexual development and vaginal bleeding. We have experienced a case of a precocious pseudopuberty causing ovarian follicular cyst which was treated by exploratory laparotomy. we present this case with a brief review of literatures