Specific Protein Markers for Stem Cell Cross-Talk with Neighboring Cells in the Environment

A stem cell interacts with the neighboring cells in its environment. To maintain a living organism's metabolism, either cell-cell or cell-environment interactions may be significant. Usually, these cells communicate with each other through biological signaling by interactive behaviors of primary proteins or complementary chemicals. The signaling intermediates offer the stem cell's functionality on its metabolism. With the rapid advent of omics technologies, various specific markers by which stem cells cooperate with their surroundings have been discovered and established. In this article, we review several stem cell markers used to communicate with either cancer or immune cells in the human body.

Delivering Factors for Reprogramming a Somatic Cell to Pluripotency

An adult cell originates from stem cell. The stem cell is usually categorized into three species including an embryonic stem cell (ESc), an adult stem cell, and an induced stem cell (iPSc). iPSc features pluripotency, which is meant to be differentiated into any types of cells. Accordingly, it is much attractive to anyone who pursuit a regenerative medicine, owing to the potential almighty. They are simply produced by reprogramming a somatic cell via a transfer of transcription factors. The efficiency and productivity of iPS are considerably subject to delivering methods of exogenous genes into a variety of targeted mammalians. Conventional and well-run gene delivery techniques have been reviewed here. This details the methods and principles of delivery factors and provides an overview of the research, with an emphasis on their potential for use as clinical therapeutic platforms.