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Shared decision-making is a two-way symmetrical communication process in which clinicians and patients work together to achieve the best outcome. This study aimed to develop self-assessment items as a decision aid for choosing a dialysis modality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to assess the construct validity of the newly developed items. Methods: Five focus group interviews were performed to extract specific self-assessment items regarding patient values in choosing a dialysis modality. After survey items were refined, a survey of 330 patients, consisting of 152 hemodialysis (HD) and 178 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, was performed to validate the self-assessment items. Results: The self-assessment for the decision aid was refined to 35 items. The structure of the final items appeared to have three dimensions of factors; health, lifestyle, and dialysis environment. The health factor consisted of 12 subscales (α = 0.724), the lifestyle factor contained 11 subscales (α = 0.624), and the dialysis environment factor was represented by 12 subscales (α = 0.694). A structural equation model analysis showed that the relationship between the decision aid factors (health, lifestyle, and dialysis environment), patients’ CKD perception, and cognition of shared decision-making differed between HD patients and PD patients. Conclusion: We developed and validated self-assessment items as part of a decision aid to help patients with CKD. This attempt may assist CKD patients in making informed and shared decisions closely aligned with their values when considering dialysis modality.
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Purpose@#The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the rural elderly suicide literacy level upon suicide stigma and coping advice with suicidal crises (recommending professional help for a suicidal person). In particular, this study investigates the role of cultural norms (perceived social expectations for the experience of negative emotions) on suicide stigma and coping ability. @*Methods@#A survey was conducted addressing elderly people (N=119) living in rural areas. Regression analysis using SPSS PROCESS macro was used to examine the relationships among the key variables. @*Results@#Participants with higher suicide literacy showed lower suicide stigma, and this perception had a significant effect on enhancing their coping advice with suicidal crises. Also, perceived social expectations significantly influenced the relationship between suicide stigma and coping advice. With lower levels of social expectations, the mediating effect of suicide stigma on the relationship between suicide literacy and recommending professional help did not exist whereas the indirect effect was significant when it pertained to high levels of social expectations. @*Conclusion@#This result signifies that suicide stigma serves as a barrier deterring Koreans from reaching out for professional help regarding their mental health. Moreover, these findings underscore the importance of cultural psychological factors such as perceived social expectations in terms of developing suicide prevention strategies.
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Purpose@#This study conducted two online surveys to rectify unclear factors of the existing scale and to modify suicide stigma scale with enhanced emotional aspects. The purpose of the first survey was to examine emotional responses toward suicide attempters and to revise items from existing scales. The purpose of the second survey was to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean Suicide Stigma Scale (KSSS). @*Methods@#The subject of this study is General Public. In the first online survey, 57 participants responded open-ended question regarding emotional aspect of attitudes toward suicidal person. 552 participants for the second survey responded to quantitative items for measuring suicide stigma. Descriptive and frequency analysis were used to examine the participant's demographic characteristics. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used to assess construct and convergent validity. @*Results@#The results yielded 7-factors with 28 items: Incompetence, Immorality, Selfishness, Sympathy, Social Exclusion, Dishonor, and Disgust. The Glorification factor, which was included in the previous scale, was deleted. ‘Dishonor’ and ‘Disgust’ factors were newly added. @*Conclusion@#The KSSS is similar to the scales developed in the Western countries, however it also reflects Korea’s unique Confucian cultural values. The KSSS can be used to systematically measure suicide stigma, and will help us develop effective suicide prevention strategies to reduce stigma in Korean society.
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Purpose@#This study explored the effects of the elderly group's digital literacy and health empowerment on communication with doctors, considering moderating effect of health beliefs about chronic diseases. @*Methods@#A one-on-one interview survey was conducted with 500 older adults in South Korea. The main variables were digital literacy, health empowerment, communication with doctors, and health belief of chronic diseases. @*Results@#The interaction effect between health empowerment and susceptibility, and health empowerment and perceived barrier were significant. @*Conclusion@#Communication with doctors greatly increased when the elders had high levels of health empowerment and low levels of susceptibility. Also, communication with doctors greatly increased when the elders had high levels of health empowerment and low levels of perceived barriers.
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Purpose@#This study explored how and why young and middle-aged adults disclose depressive feelings to others. In particular, we investigated the role of social norms to see whether using mobile instant messaging (MIM) could lower the perceived barriers of emotional disclosure. Furthermore, the motivations of emotional disclosure via MIM were compared between young and middle-aged adults. @*Methods@#A total of 255 Koreans (128 middle-aged people, 127 young adults) participated in an online survey. Pearson’s correlation coefficients, paired t-tests, SPSS PROCESS macro, and exploratory factor analysis were used to examine the relationships among the key variables. @*Results@#The perceived social norms were found to be a significant deterrent in disclosing depressive feelings to others. However, there was a significant interaction effect between generations and perceived social norms. Although young adults with low social norm awareness were more likely to disclose depressive feelings via MIM, emotional disclosure among middle-aged adults increased with higher levels of perceived social norms. Also, different motivations were observed. @*Conclusion@#The results confirmed the significant effect of social norms as well as generational differences when using MIM as a channel of emotional disclosure.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effects of emotional venting via instant messaging (IM) and positive emotion in the relationship between negative emotion and depression.METHODS: Online survey was conducted in Korea between 2 April and 7 April 2019. To obtain samples with representativeness, data were gathered by the professional research firm. A total of 250 Koreans were participated in this study. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and SPSS PROCESS macro to test the mediating effects.RESULTS: This study analyzed the direct/indirect effects of negative emotion on emotional venting via IM, in the relationship between positive emotion and depression. Negative emotion had indirect effects on depression through emotional venting via IM and positive emotion. Both emotional venting via IM and positive emotion had dual mediating effects in the influence of negative emotion on depression.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that it is important to manage negative emotion to prevent depression. Also, this study confirmed that emotional venting via IM is a powerful factor influencing emotional recovery.