RESUMO
ANTECEDENTES: La prevalencia de los miomas uterinos en la gestación es de 0,3 a 2,6% de los cuales un 10% se complican durante el embarazo. El manejo quirúrgico de los miomas en la gestación se reserva solo para los casos complicados. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 36 años, primigesta, que consulta a las 11 semanas de gestación por cuadro de distensión abdominal, edema en extremidades inferiores y sangrado vaginal escaso. El examen físico y la ecografía evidencia un mioma de 23 cm de diámetro y saco gestacional con embrión vivo a nivel de hipocondrio izquierdo. En controles posteriores la paciente empeora clínicamente debido al crecimiento del mioma, presentado dolor abdominal intenso, aumento de edemas en ambas extremidades inferiores. Los estudios de imagen informan ectasia pielocalicial bilateral y compresión de venas ilíacas. Ante los hallazgos y clínica se realiza miomectomía sin incidencias a las 14 semanas de gestación. El postoperatorio y controles posteriores son normales y se programa cesárea a las 37 semanas de gestación. DISCUSIÓN: La miomectomía en la gestación conlleva riesgos de hemorragia y aborto. Se reserva para casos puntuales que no respondan al manejo expectante. La recomendación actual y la experiencia indican que se debe realizar en el segundo trimestre de gestación. CONCLUSIÓN: La miomectomía en la gestación es una técnica que se debe plantear en casos seleccionados y que presenta pocas complicaciones.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of uterine fibroids in pregnancy is 0.3 to 2.6%, 10% of which complicate during pregnancy. The surgical management of fibroids in pregnant women is reserved for complicated cases. CASE REPORT: The patient is 36 years old, first pregnancy, consulting at 11 weeks of gestation with bloating, edema in the lower extremities and mild vaginal bleeding. Physical examination and ultrasound evidence a 23 cm diameter fibroid and gestational sac with live embryo in the left upper abdominal quadrant. In subsequent tests the patient worsens clinically due to fibroid growth, presenting intense abdominal pain, increased edema in both lower extremities. Imaging studies report pyelocalyceal bilateral ectasia and compression of iliac veins. Given these findings and symptoms a myomectomy is performed without incidents at 14 weeks of gestation. Postoperative and subsequent tests are normal and caesarean section is preformed at 37 weeks of gestation. DISCUSSION: myomectomy in pregnancy carries risks of bleeding and abortion. It is reserved for cases that do not respond to expectant management. The current recommendation and experience indicate that it has to be performed in the second trimester. CONCLUSION: Myomectomy in pregnancy is a technique that should be considered in selected cases and has few complications.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Neoplasias Uterinas/cirurgia , Miomectomia Uterina/métodos , Mioma/cirurgia , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Cesárea , Mioma/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Bovine campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter fetus is associated with reproductive losses. The knowledge about the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis is limited, then a murine experimental model is proposed. BALB/c females and males were used. Two-cell embryos were cultured in Ham-F10 as control group (CG). Treatment groups were constituted by the addition of Cfv 1 and 3, or Cff 2 and 5. Morulae were placed in Ham-F10 (CG); treatment groups were constituted by the addition of Cfv27, CFF (cell-free filtrate) and Brucella broth (BB). Blastocysts were cultured in MEM (CG); challenge group were constituted by the addition of Cfv 27. Differentiation, hatching, hatched, adhesion and expansion were evaluated. Results were analyzed by Chi2 test. In two-cell embryo, the differentiation rate was not modified when the study strains were added (p > 0.05). The differentiation rate at 24 h for embryos at the morula stage was lower for BB, Cfv, and CFF, compared with CG (p < 0.05). After 48 h culture, no differences were observed in blastocyst formation for Cfv and BB, compared to CG (p > 0.05). However, the differentiation rate for the CFF group was lower than for CG (p < 0.05). At 48 and 72 h, the hatching rate was higher in CFF and Cfv groups than in CG (p < 0.05). Differences were not detected in blastocyst cultures. In conclusion, under these experimental conditions, Cf was not detrimental to the development of murine embryos. Efforts will be intensified to establish in vitro infection models that reproduce their pathogenicity.
La campilobacteriosis bovina caudada por Campylobacter fetus produce pérdidas reproductivas existiendo poca información de los mecanismos de patogenicidad de dicha bacteria, por lo cual se propone un modelo utilizando ratones BALC/c. Embriones de dos células fueron cultivados en Ham-F10: grupo control (GC), los grupos experimentales fueron adicionados con las cepas Cfv 1, Cfv 3, Cff 2 y Cff 5. Mórulas fueron cultivadas en Ham-F10 (GC); los grupos tratados recibieron Cfv27, CFF (filtrado libre de células) y caldo Brucella (BB). Blastocistos fueron cultivados en MEM (GC) y MEM más Cfv 27 (grupo desafiado). Se evaluó: diferenciación, "hatching", "hatched", adhesión y expansión. Los resultados fueron analizados por Chi2. En embriones de dos células, la diferenciación no fue modificada por acción de las cepas evaluadas (p > 0,05). Para embriones en estadío de mórula, la diferenciación a las 24 h de cultivo fue menor para BB, Cfv, y CFF, comparado con el GC (p < 0,05). Luego de 48 h de cultivo, no hubo diferencias entre Cfv, BB, y CG (p > 0,05), no obstante para el grupo CFF la diferenciación fue menor al CG (p < 0,05). El porcentaje de "hatching" (48 y 72 h de cultivo), fue mayor en los grupos CFF y Cfv comparado con el GC (p < 0,05). La adición de Cfv 27 no modificó el desarrollo de blastocistos. En el modelo propuesto, Cf no afectó negativamente el desarrollo embrionario. Futuros trabajos serán necesarios para establecer un modelo de infección in vitro en pos de reproducir su patogenicidad.
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Blastocisto/microbiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter , Campylobacter fetus/fisiologia , Embrião de Mamíferos/microbiologia , Mórula/microbiologia , Técnicas de Cultura , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
Since 2010 the Chile's Ministry of Health includes Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology in AUGE. Accordingly, this unit produced a clinical guideline wherein stipulates a specific procedure for assessment and intervention in Primary Care Health Centers. In that guideline, the speech therapy intervention is indicated as fundamental, applicable in a given amount of annual sessions depending on the phase of the disease for each person. Currently there are 518 cases in control in the province of Talca. Therefore, the present investigation aims to establish the level of accomplishment of speech therapy services in Parkinson's disease as required by GES law in Primary Care Health centers of the city of Talca...
Desde el año 2010 el Ministerio de Salud incorpora la Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) en las patologías AUGE . Para ello elaboró una Guía Clínica en donde se estipula un determinado procedimiento de evaluación e intervención para Centros de Atención Primaria de Salud. En ella, se indica la intervención fonoaudiológica como fundamental, aplicable en una determinada cantidad de sesiones anuales según el estadio de la patología en que se encuentra el sujeto. Actualmente en la provincia de Talca se encuentran 518 casos en control. Por consiguiente, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo establecer el nivel de cumplimiento de la atención fonoaudiológica en la Enfermedad de Parkinson según lo establecido por la ley GES en Centros de Atención Primaria de Salud de la ciudad de Talca...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Fonoaudiologia , Chile , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Guias de Prática Clínica como AssuntoRESUMO
Abnormal interaction between oral epithelium and underlying mesenchematic tissue during odontogenesis could result in teeth with an anatomical variation. First maxilar premolar has such variable root canal morphology. However, (0.2-6% of cases) a three-rooted premolar is particularly uncommon. First mandibular premolar frequently has one root and one single canal (75% of cases), however, a tooth with two canals and two separate roots could be found (19.5-22.5%). Execution of an accurate diagnosis of root canal system is essential to perform a successful endodontic treatment and tooth rehabilitation. This article describes diagnosis, endodontic treatment and rehabilitation (means single crown) of a maxillary three-rooted and three-canal first premolar, and a non-endodontically treated mandibular first premolar with two canals and two independent roots in a single patient.
La interacción anormal entre el epitelio oral y el tejido mesenquimático subyacente durante la odontogénesis puede resultar en la formación de un diente con una variación anatómica. El primer premolar maxilar posee una anatomía relativamente variable, sin embargo, es especialmente poco frecuente (0,2% a 6% de los casos) la presencia de este diente con tres raíces y tres canales radiculares. El primer premolar mandibular posee frecuentemente una raíz y un canal radicular (75% de los casos) y es bastante más infrecuente encontrar este diente con dos raíces y dos canales radiculares (19.5 a 22.5%). Un diagnóstico acabado y preciso de es fundamental para lograr un exitoso tratamiento de endodoncia y posterior rehabilitación. Este artículo describe el diagnóstico, tratamiento de endodoncia y rehabilitación (mediante prótesis fija singular) de un primer premolar maxilar con tres raíces y tres canales radiculares, además el reporte de un caso de un primer premolar mandibular biradicular con dos canales radiculares. Ambos se presentan en un mismo paciente.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Anormalidades Dentárias/terapia , Raiz Dentária/anormalidades , Dente Pré-Molar/anormalidades , Próteses e Implantes , Anormalidades Dentárias/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Dentárias/reabilitação , Coroas , Cavidade Pulpar , Endodontia/métodos , Variação AnatômicaRESUMO
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease. Its frequency is higher in pale-skinned people and women over 30 years. Disease mechanisms include: abnormalities in innate immunity, inflammatory reactions to microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation damage, and vascular dysfunction. There are four clinical subtypes: erythematotelangiectatic, pustular papules, phymatous and ocular rosacea. Patients may present one or more characteristics of each subtypes. Injuries are classically located in midface area. Extreme temperatures, UV radiation, hot beberages, spicy foods, alcohol, exercise, topical irritants, psychological symptoms and drugs are associated to exacerbations. Clinical evaluation of the patient is usually enough for diagnosis. Nonpharmacologic interventions are essential for treatment. These include avoiding use of cosmetic, and triggers, skin care, and broad-spectrum sun protection. Patients with no response to general measures can respond to pharmacological agents. Topical metronidazole and azelaic acid are considered first-line treatments in mild to moderate disease. Oral tetracycline, have been used for many years for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. Isotretinoin is useful in refractory disease. Treatment must be continous to maintain the response. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Rosácea/classificação , Rosácea/diagnóstico , Rosácea/tratamento farmacológico , Rosácea/terapiaRESUMO
Introducción: Los Programas de Medicina Preventiva para que tengan un impacto en el nivel de salud deben tener una alta cobertura poblacional. Objetivo: Estudiar la cobertura de los programas preventivos que se realizaron en el Sistema de Salud Público Chileno el año 2007. Material y Métodos: Se revisó la cobertura de los programas preventivos en las bases de datos del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información en Salud del Ministerio de Salud de Chile del año 2007. Resultados: La cobertura global de los programas preventivos medido a través del Índice de Medicina Preventiva fue de0.202. El programa de salud dirigido a los < de 6 años (infantil) fue el que registró una mayor cobertura (0.84), un nivel de cobertura intermedio se observó en los programas de la mujer (0.34) y del adulto mayor (0.29), por su parte los programas dirigidos a la población escolar, adolescente y adulto fueron los que presentaron menores coberturas (<0.1). Discusión: La alta cobertura observada en el programa preventivo dirigido a la población infantil, ha sido un factor que ha favorecido la mejoría en el nivel de salud de este grupo poblacional, particularmente ha contribuido a reducirla mortalidad infantil en Chile. El país debe crear estrategias que permitan incrementar la cobertura en programas preventivos dirigidos a la población escolar, adolescente y adulta, solo de esta forma podrá seguir avanzando en la senda de mejorar el nivel de salud poblacional.
Introduction: In order to have an impact on the level of health, Preventive Medicine Programs should have high population coverage. Objective: To study the coverage of preventive programs which were conducted in the Chilean Public Health System in 2007. Material and Methods: The coverage of preventive programs in the databases of the Department of Health Statistics and Information of the Chilean Ministry of Health in the year 2007 were reviewed. Results: The overall coverage of preventive programs as measured by the index of Preventive Medicine was 0.202. The health program aimed at < 6 years (children) was the one that recorded a greatest coverage (0.84). An intermediate level of coverage was observed in the womens program (0.34) and in that of elderly (0.29). Programs conducted for school children, teenagers, and adults presented a low coverage (<0.1). Discussion: The high coverage observed in the child health preventive program, has been a factor that has led to the improvement of the health status of this population group. Particularly, it has contributed to reduce the infant mortality in Chile. The country must create strategies to increase the coverage of preventive programs aimed at schoolchildren, teenagers and adults. Only in this way we can go on improving the level of population health.
Assuntos
Planos e Programas de Saúde , Cobertura de Serviços de Saúde , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/provisão & distribuição , Chile , Epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/provisão & distribuição , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/provisão & distribuição , Serviços de Saúde da Mulher/provisão & distribuiçãoRESUMO
Propósito: El propósito de esta investigación fue realizar un estudio in vitro del sellado marginal de 80 incrustaciones de resina compuesta cementadas con resina compuesta fluida utilizando un sistema adhesivo autograbante (Go!, SDI, Australia) y un sistema adhesivo con grabado ácido total (Stae, SDI, Australia). Método: Las piezas dentarias restauradas fueron puestas en una estufa a 37ºC y 100 por ciento de humedad relativa durante 48 horas para simular las condiciones bucales. Luego fueron sometidas a termociclado, en una solución de azul de metileno al 1 por ciento. Posteriormente las muestras fueron cortadas en sentido vestíbulo lingual o palatino, para ser observadas bajo un microscopio óptico, para evaluar la interfase diente restauración midiendo los porcentajes de filtración para ambos grupos. Resultados: Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante el t-test de Student obteniéndose diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos estudiados. Conclusión: Todos los cuerpos de prueba presentaron algún grado de filtración marginal, sin embargo el grupo que utilizó un sistema adhesivo autograbante demostró tener valores significativamente mayores de filtración que el grupo que utilizó el sistema convencional.
Aim: The purpose of this research was to study the marginal sealing in 80 composite resin inlay, bonded with flow composite resin using a Self-etch fluid (Go!, SDI, Australia) versus a total-etching system (Stae, SDI, Australia). Method: The samples were placed in an oven at 37ºC and 100 percent humidity for 48 hours, after which the samples were thermocycled in a methylene blue 1 percent solution. This cycle was repeated 80 times. The samples were cut transversally, the restorations were observed trough an optical microscope to calculate the percentage of filtration in relation to the total length of the cavity to the axial wall. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by Student t-test. And there were significant differences in the marginal leakage. The group that used a Self-etch adhesive system showed significantly higher marginal leakage values than the group that used the conventional system. Conclusion: All the samples showed some degree of marginal leakage, but the group using a self-etching adhesive system showed marginal leakage values significantly higher than the group using the conventional one.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cimentos de Resina/química , Infiltração Dentária , Restauração Dentária Permanente , Colagem Dentária/métodos , Resinas Compostas/química , Corrosão Dentária , Adaptação Marginal Dentária , Adesivos Dentinários , Teste de MateriaisRESUMO
El desarrollo dentario resulta de una complicada interacción entre el epitelio oral y el tejido mesenquimático subyacente durante la Odontogénesis. La interacción anormal de estos tejidos podría resultar en el desarrollo y/o erupción de un diente anómalo, ectópico o con variación anatómica. El presente reporte muestra tres casos de variaciones anatómicas radiculares y al sistema de canales: un canino mandibular, un premolar mandibular y un primer premolar maxilar. El diagnóstico en los tres casos se efectuó por medio del análisis de radiografías. El canino y premolar mandibular presentaron dos raíces y dos canales, el premolar maxilar presentó tres raíces y tres conductos. Dada la presencia de una caries penetrante en este último, fue derivado a un especialista en endodoncia para su tratamiento y posterior rehabilitación. Idealizar el sistema de canales como una entidad simple es un error, por lo que es importante considerar estas variaciones anatómicas especialmente ante presencia de dientes con patologías que requieran tratamientos de endodoncia o cualquier procedimiento al interior del sistema de canales, ya que la oportuna y adecuada indicación de exámenes complementarios permite pesquisar y diagnosticar variaciones anatómicas de este tipo, para minimizar la ocurrencia de accidentes durante el tratamiento.
Teeth development results from a complicated interaction between oral epithelium and underlying mesenchematic tissue during odontogenesis. Abnormal interaction between this tissues could result in development and eruption of an ectopical, anomalous teeth or with an anatomical variation. This report shows three cases of teeth with anatomical variations at root and pulp canal in mandibular canine and bicuspid, and maxillary first bicuspid. Diagnosis of these cases was performed through radiographical analysis. Mandibular canine and bicuspid shown two root and two pulp canals, maxillary first bicuspid presented three roots and three pulp canals. Considering that maxilar tooth showed caries closer to pulp chamber, patient was derived to an endodontic specialist to perform an endodontic treatment and rehabilitation. Idealizing root canal as a simple and invariable structure is a mistake. Clinicians always ought to take into consideration potential anatomical variations in teeth, especially in those that require endodontic treatments or any kind of procedure inside root canal system. Timely and adequate indication of imagenological complementary exams allow an adequate diagnosis of anatomical variations that will decrease chances of accidents during treatment.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cavidade Pulpar/anormalidades , Cavidade Pulpar , Raiz Dentária/anormalidades , Raiz Dentária , Anormalidades DentáriasRESUMO
En Chile los médicos de Atención Primaria (AP) diagnostican y tratan gran cantidad de enfermedades de la piel. Sin embargo, muchos pacientes requieren ser referidos al Nivel Secundario para ser evaluados por especialistas. Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene como propósito analizar la concordancia del diagnóstico dermatológico realizado por los médicos de AP. Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron 1.478 pacientes referidos desde la AP a la Unidad de Dermatología en el Centro de Referencia de Salud (CRS) Cordillera entre enero de 2005 y enero de 2006. Se registraron sexo, edad, patología cutánea, época del año de la consulta y tiempo de espera para ser evaluados por dermatólogos. Para analizar la concordancia diagnóstico entre el médico general y el dermatólogo se utilizó el índice Kappa (IK), que se clasifica en seis categorías: sin acuerdo (KI < O), insignificante (O < KI > 0,2), discreto (0,21 < KI > 0,40), moderado (0,41 < KI > 0,60), sustancial (0,61 < KI > 0,80) y casi perfecto (0,81 < KI > 1,00). Resultados: La edad promedio de la muestra fue de 34.7 años. 63,8% de las consultas correspondieron a mujeres y 36,2% a varones. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes en la AP fueron: nevi (21,04%), verrugas virales (10,96%), dermatitis inespecífica (6,63%), acné (6,02%), dermatitis atópica (5,4%) y psoriasis (4,67%). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes en Dermatología fueron: nevi (13,80%), verrugas virales (8,19%), acné (6,09%), queratosis seborreico (5,63%) y psoriasis (3,92%). La concordancia diagnóstico (CD) global fue moderada (IK = 0,563), obteniéndose el más alto para acné (IK = 0,899) y alopecia (IK = 0,835), y el más bajo en queratosis seborreico (IK = 0,081) y melanoma (IK = 0,186). Conclusiones: La CD entre médicos de AP y dermatólogos es moderada. Es fundamentar elaborar estrategías...
In Chile, primary care (PC) physicians diagnose and treat large amount of skin diseases; however, a large number of patients are referred to the hospital to be en by dermatologists. Objective: The purpose of the present investigation was to analyse the accuracy of PC physicians in the skin diagnosis diseases. Method: A retrospective analysis of clinical data was performed including 1,478 patients requiring dermatology evaluation at the Dermatology Unit, Centro de Referencia de Salud (CRS) Cordillera, between January 2005 and January 2006. Information about skin disease, sex, age, season consultation and waiting time to see a dermatologist was collected. Kappa index (KI) was used to determine the clinic diagnostic accuracy between the PC physicians and the dermatologists. KI is classified in 6 categories: without agreement (KI < O), insignificant (O < KI > 0.2), discrete (0.21 < KI 0.40), moderate (0.41 < KI > 0.60), substantial (0.61 < KI 0.80) y almost perfect (0.81 < KI > 1.00). Results: The average of age was 34.7 years. 63.8% we females and 36.2% were males. The more frequent skin diagnosis in PC were: nevi (21.04%), warts (10.96%), nonspecific¡ dermatitis (6.63%), acne (6.02%), atopic dermatitis (5.4%) al psoriasis (4.67%). The more frequent skin diagnosis by the dermatologist was: nevi (13.80%), warts (8,19%), acne (6.09%) seborrheic keratosis (5.63%) and psoriasis (3.92%). The general diagnostic concordance (DC) was moderate (KI = 0.56: showing that the highest KI was observed for acne (KI = 0.899) and alopecia (KI = 0.835) and the lowest was for seborrheic keratosis (KI = 0.081) and melanoma (KI = 0.186). Conclusions: The diagnostic correlation between PC physician and dermatologists is moderate. More innovative strategies are needed to improve training in PC physicians to enhance their accurate skin diagnosis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Dermatopatias/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Atenção Secundária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Chile/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 62 años con un cuadro de tres años de evolución, caracterizado por placas y pápulas eritematosas arciformes que comenzaron en cara, extendiéndose luego al resto del cuerpo, asociado a baja de peso y depresión. Después de un completo estudio y dos biopsias de piel se diagnóstica eritema necrolítico migratorio (ENM). El ENM junto con estomatitis/glositis, baja de peso, diarrea, diabetes y anemia forman el síndrome paraneoplásico asociado al tumor de células a pancreáticas, llamado síndrome del glucagonoma, El ENM corresponde a lesiones maculopapulares, coalescentes, de borde serpiginoso, acompañadas de una bula central que se erosiona y forma costras. La biopsia cutánea muestra hiperplasia psoriasiforme y espongiótica, paraqueratosis y separación de las capas superficiales de la epidermis. La resección del tumor conduce a la resolución del ENM. Presentamos este caso y revisión del tema por la baja frecuencia de esta enfermedad y para reforzar lo importante de su sospecha temprana.
We report the case of o 62 year old woman with a 3 year history of erythematous arciform plaques and papules that began in the face and spread to the rest of the body. These lesions were associated with depression and weight loss. After a comprehensive study and two skin biopsies, necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) was diagnosed together with glossitis/stomatitis, weight loss, diarrhea, diabetes and anemia, NME is part of the paraneoplastic syndrome associated with a cell pancreatic tumor, known as glucagonoma syndrome NME lesions are characterized by a coalescent maculopapular rash with a serpiginous edge and a central bulla that erodes and become crusted. Histological studies show a psoriasiform and spongiotic hyperplasia, porakeratosis, and detachment of the superficial layers of the epidermis. ENM usually resolves after tumor resection. We present this case and a review of the literature because of the low frequency of this disease and to reinforce the importance of its early suspicion.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Eritema/etiologia , Glucagonoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Glucagonoma/cirurgia , Glucagonoma/complicações , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/complicações , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/etiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
La descompresión y fusión de la columna lumbar puede realizarse con técnicas mínimamente invasivas. Estas implican el uso de pequeñas portales de acceso a través de la piel y el músculo que hacen posible la visión directa de la anatomía, permitiendo descomprimir estructuras nerviosas, corregir alineamiento y fusionar segmentos de la columna lumbar. Con el desarrollo de técnicas mínimamente invasivas se espera obtener una mejor evolución postoperatoria inmediata y a largo plazo, mediante un menor trauma sobre la musculatura paravertebral.
The surgical decompression and fusion of the lumbar spine can be achieved by minimally invasive techniques. These techniques use reduced approaches through the skin and muscles to allow surgeons, an excellent view of anatomy to decompress neural elements, correct alignment and fuse the lumbar spine. The goal of minimally invasive spine surgery is to permit a better short and long outcomes by reduce the trauma on lumbar musculature.
Assuntos
Humanos , Descompressão Cirúrgica/métodos , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Fusão Vertebral/métodos , Descompressão Cirúrgica/instrumentação , Fusão Vertebral/instrumentação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente InvasivosRESUMO
Background: Preventive activities of the public health system in Chile are not integrated and there is no parameter assessing the whole population that is benefited with these activities. Aim: To develop and implement a mathematical measure of the coverage of preventive health activities, provided to different age groups. Material and methods: Data was gathered from the monthly statistical reports of the women, children, teenager, adult and elderly health programs in 30 communities of the Seventh Chilean Region. The preventive medicine index (PMI) was calculated as the ratio between the population that was ascribed to each program and the population that was a potential beneficiary of such program. Results: In the studied region, the global coverage of preventive medicine, calculated using the PMI, increased from 0.229 in 1999 to 0.370 in 2003. This represents a 61 percent increment. However, there are important inequalities in the access to preventive health in the different communities of the region. Conclusions: The PMI revealed a substantial increment in preventive health activities in the studied region.
Assuntos
Humanos , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina Preventiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Chile , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Planos de Sistemas de Saúde , Seguro Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/organização & administração , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/provisão & distribuição , Medicina Preventiva/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
Objetivos: Evaluar la utilidad diagnóstica de la definición de caso probable de dengue clásico (DCPDC) para la identificación de casos definitivos, durante el brote en el distrito de Comas, abril - mayo 2005. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico, no controlado de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes procedentes de Comas que en el periodo de estudio presentaron sospecha de dengue y con resultados de aislamiento viral o ELISA IgM, según el tiempo de enfermedad (≤4 ó ≥5 días respectivamente) realizados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud. Se determinó la sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y negativo (VPN) de la DCPDC y de los síntomas que la conforman, tomando como prueba de oro al aislamiento viral o ELISA IgM. Resultados: Se incluyeron 316 pacientes, de los cuales se confirmaron 137 (43,4 por ciento) casos de dengue. Se detectaron 60 pacientes mediante aislamiento viral, la DCPDC en pacientes con cuatro o menos días de enfermedad presentó una S=85 por ciento, E=13,40 por ciento, VPP=13,18 por ciento, VPN= 74,29 por ciento. Se detectaron 77 pacientes con cinco o m¿ós días de enfermedad con IgM ELISA, la DCPDC en este grupo presentó S= 68,42, E= 16,28, VPP= 68,42, VPN= 46,67. Conclusiones: La DCPDC aplicada en el brote de dengue en Comas, al igual que los síntomas individuales que la conforman es sensible, pero poco específico.
Objective: To assess diagnostic usefulness of the probable case of classic dengue fever for identifying definite cases during the outbreak in Comas District, April May 2005. Materials and methods: Observational and analytical non-controlled cross-sectional study. Suspected dengue fever cases from Comas District were included. These persons also had results for viral isolation or IgM ELISA, according to their time of being ill (4 days or e5 days, respectively), laboratory studies were performed at Peruvian National Institute of Health. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the definition of a probable case of classic dengue fever, including its symptoms, taking as a gold standard viral isolation or IgM ELISA. Results: 316 patients were included, and 137 (43,4%) of them were confirmed as dengue fever cases. Viral isolation was achieved in 60 patients. Probable dengue fever case definition for patients being ill for d4 days had a 85% sensitivity, 13,40% specificity, 13,18% positive predictive value, and 74,29% negative predictive value. 77 patients who were ill for five days or more were diagnosed using IgM ELISA, and the probable dengue fever case definition for these patients had a 68,42% sensitivity, 13,40 specificity, positive predictive value, 68,42%, and 46,67% negative predictive value. Conclusions: probable case definition used in the dengue fever outbreak in Comas District, as well as the assessment of individual symptoms, has good sensitivity, but poor specificity.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Dengue , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , PeruRESUMO
Las pruebas funcionales respiratorias, en especial la espirometría, cada día adquiere mayor importancia en la práctica médica debido a que constituye el método diagnóstico básico al alcance de los médicos de atención primaria ya que un importante número de pacientes, a nivel mundial y en nuestro país, consultan a diario por presentar alteraciones importantes del sistema respiratorio (asma, enfermedad broncopulmonar obstructiva crónica, tuberculosis, infecciones respiratorias). Existen tablas de valores espirométricos normales realizadas en otros países con las cuales se diagnostican a todos los individuos, sin tomar en cuenta las variaciones étnicas, antropométricas, socioeconómicas y de contaminación ambiental que se presentan en las diferentes regiones y que influyen en los resultados de las pruebas funcionales. Por lo anteriormente descrito, se plantea la necesidad de elaborar tablas de valores espirométricos de referencia para la población de 18-80 años aparentemente sana del Estado Carabobo. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo, correlacional observacional y de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 396 individuos habitantes de los distintos municipios del Estado Carabobo (241 hombres - 182 mujeres) a los cuales se les realizaron pruebas espirométricas. Se obtuvo como resultado que la función pulmonar está en relación con la talla y la edad. Al comparar los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación con tablas realizadas con otros autores como Morris, Hankinson, Crapo, Knudson y Cherniack se evidencia que los valores de referencia obtenidos en este estudio en el sexo femenino son mayores que los abtenidos por dichos autores. Se recomienda el uso de estas tablas en el estado Carabobo y la realización de este estudio en otras regiones del país
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Espirometria , Testes de Função Respiratória , Valores de Referência , Pneumologia , Medicina , VenezuelaRESUMO
Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Latin America is not well known. Aim: To study the real prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated risk factors in the VII region of Chile. Material and Methods: A probabilistic sample of 1,325 subjects over the age of 20, stratified by age and differentiated by place of residence was studied. The criteria of the World Panel of Experts convened by the World Health Organization in 1997, was used to define the presence of diabetes (two fasting blood glucose values over 126 mg/dl or a blood glucose over 200 mg/dl, 2 hours after a 75 g carbohydrate oral load). Results: The global prevalence estimated for DM in this population was 5.39 percent. The calculated prevalence in subjects between 20 and 44 years was 1.88 percent (CI 0.39-3.37); between 45 and 64 years, 10.75 percent (CI 8.35-13.14); 65 years or older 11.30 percent (CI 8.00-14.60), p <0.05. The prevalence was 5.8 percent in urban areas and 4.5 percent in rural areas. Forty five percent of diabetics were not aware of their condition. Forty eight percent of diabetics and 31 percent of non diabetics were hypertensive (p <0.01), whereas 47.8 percent of diabetics and 24.6 percent of non diabetics had at least one diabetic parent (p <0.01). Smoking was less frequent in diabetics than in non diabetics (15.7 and 24.3 percent respectively, p <0.05). Ninety percent of both diabetics and non diabetics were sedentary. Discussion: Health care systems require an epidemiological monitoring system to provide information about the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and to control the evolution of patients
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diabetes Mellitus , Glicemia , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Idade , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is frequent among diabetics, especially women. It may be preceded by asymptomatic bacteriuria. Aim: To study the frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria in type 2 diabetic women. Patients and methods: Fifty women with type 2 diabetes and 50 non diabetic women were studied. In aseptic conditions, morning midstream urine specimens were obtained for microbiological analysis. The test was repeated in similar conditions during consecutive days. Urine samples were cultured in blood agar, Mac Conkey agar and CPS ID 2. Colony forming units were counted. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was defined as the presence of 100,000 or more colony forming units per ml. Leukocyturia was also quantified. Results: There was microbial growth in 40 percent of samples from diabetic women and 6 percent of samples from controls (p <0.01). Asymptomatic bacteriuria was present in 32 percent of diabetics and 4 percent of controls (p <0.01). E Coli was the most frequently isolated strain, in 55 percent of patients and 100 percent of controls. Klebsiella pneumonió was isolated in 10 percent of diabetics, coagulase negative Staphylococcus in 10 percent, Enterococcus spp in 10 percent and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5 percent. Leukocyturia of more than 10 cells per field, was present in 80 percent of diabetic women with positive culture. Women with positive cultures had a longer lasting diabetes than those with negative cultures. There was no association between urine microbiological results and glycosilated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, chronic complications of diabetes and treatment received. Conclusions: This study shows a high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among diabetic women