The Effects of Job Demand and Job Resources on Burnout and Work Engagement of Hospital Nurse Administrators / 한국직업건강간호학회지

Purpose@#This study aims to investigate the degree of job demand, job resources, burnout, and the organizational commitment of administrative nurses based on the job demands-resources model. Further, it seeks to confirm the influencing factors affecting nurses' burnout and organizational commitment. @*Methods@#The participants were 188 administrative nurses working at hospitals (one tertiary hospital and six general hospitals) located in D City. The collected data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. @*Results@#The influential factors of burnout were role conflict (β=.50), job demand (β=.18), job position (β=-.17, team leaders and above), and social support (β=-.15). The regression model had an explanatory power of 59%. The influential factors of organizational commitment were appropriate rewards (β=.59), job position (β=.15, team leader or above), working department (β= .14, referral center and health screening administration department), and social support (β=.18). The regression model had an explanatory power of 59.5%. @*Conclusion@#The results support the job demands-resources model, and interventions should be developed to decrease job demand and provide sufficient job resources.

Moderating and Mediating Effects of Resilience in the Relationship between Work Intensity, Interpersonal Conflict and Burnout among Nurses / 임상간호연구

Purpose@#For this study the moderating and mediating effects of resilience on the relationships between work intensity, conflicts in interpersonal relationship and nurses' burnout were investigated. @*Methods@#In this descriptive research 227 nurses who consented to participate in the study were surveyed. The tool included nurses' objective work intensity, subjective work intensity, conflicts in interpersonal relationships, resilience, and burnout. Data were collected from nurses in general hospitals in D city from July to August 2017. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 program. @*Results@#Participants' burnout showed a statistically significant difference according to age, marital status, total clinical experience, position, work pattern, frequency of night shifts, work department, and salary. Participants' burnout was significantly positively correlated with subjective work intensity and conflicts in interpersonal relationships, and significantly negatively correlated with resilience. Resilience moderated the relationship between participants' subjective work intensity and burnout, and mediated the relationship between conflicts in interpersonal relationships and burnout. @*Conclusion@#Resilience had a moderating effect on the relationship between subjective work intensity and burnout, and a mediating effect on the relationship between conflicts in interpersonal relationships and burnout. Therefore, further efforts and diverse intervention measures are required to enhance resilience and reduce work intensity and conflicts in interpersonal relationships in order to prevent burnout in nurses.

Moderating and Mediating Effects of Resilience in the Relationship between Work Intensity, Interpersonal Conflict and Burnout among Nurses / 임상간호연구

Purpose@#For this study the moderating and mediating effects of resilience on the relationships between work intensity, conflicts in interpersonal relationship and nurses' burnout were investigated. @*Methods@#In this descriptive research 227 nurses who consented to participate in the study were surveyed. The tool included nurses' objective work intensity, subjective work intensity, conflicts in interpersonal relationships, resilience, and burnout. Data were collected from nurses in general hospitals in D city from July to August 2017. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 program. @*Results@#Participants' burnout showed a statistically significant difference according to age, marital status, total clinical experience, position, work pattern, frequency of night shifts, work department, and salary. Participants' burnout was significantly positively correlated with subjective work intensity and conflicts in interpersonal relationships, and significantly negatively correlated with resilience. Resilience moderated the relationship between participants' subjective work intensity and burnout, and mediated the relationship between conflicts in interpersonal relationships and burnout. @*Conclusion@#Resilience had a moderating effect on the relationship between subjective work intensity and burnout, and a mediating effect on the relationship between conflicts in interpersonal relationships and burnout. Therefore, further efforts and diverse intervention measures are required to enhance resilience and reduce work intensity and conflicts in interpersonal relationships in order to prevent burnout in nurses.

Influencing Factors on the Nurse's Shiftwork Tolerance / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting shiftwork tolerance among nurses and provide basic data, ultimately, in formulating a plan for improving their shiftwork tolerance. METHODS: The participants were 317 nurses who were working at three general hospitals in Daejeon and Seoul. Data analyzed t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and regression analysis using SPSS 20.0 program. RESULTS: As for the sub-areas of shiftwork tolerance for the respondents, more than a half of nurses working at shifts suffered from insomnia, felt drowsy, complained of chronic fatigue, and were at the anxious and depressed state. Shiftwork tolerance differed by the daily intake of coffee and exercise. Shiftwork tolerance was significantly positively correlated with sleep-wake habits, hardiness, and flexibility and negatively correlated with a languidity. Regression analysis revealed that shiftwork tolerance was affected by age, sleep-wake habits, languidity, flexibility, and hardiness. CONCLUSION: To put the results, nurses had shiftwork tolerance affected by sleep-wake habits, languidity, and hardiness. It is therefore necessary to make a scheme for allowing nurses to improve hardiness and flexibility and decrease the languidity with the objective of improving their shiftwork tolerance.

Direction of the Community Health Nursing Practice Education Focusing on the Nursing Education Accreditation Criteria

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to seek the direction of community health nursing practice education focus on the nursing education accreditation criteria. METHODS: We collected data through e-mail survey to all of 202 Korean nursing baccalaureate education institute in April, 2016. The 93 professors teaching community health nursing was responded about their affiliated institute (response rate 46.0%). RESULTS: The Korean nursing graduates in Feb. 2016 was practiced 3.01 credits, 131.6 hours in community health nursing course. Community health nursing practice agency was public health center (98.9%), Public health center post (43.0%), Public health center branch (32.3%) in order. The possibility to achieve the course objectives up to national examination was recognised Public health center (3.4), Public health center post (3.3), Public health center branch and school (3.2) from 5 score likert scale. A lot of nursing education institute have difficulty in clinical placement in community health nursing practice agency that meet eligibility of preceptor and space gaining for only nursing students. CONCLUSION: The nursing education accreditation criteria in 3rd cycle have to be considered real community health nursing practice situation and newly emerging community health nursing fields.

Factors Associated with Job-related Injuries among Cleaners in Hospitals / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to provide basic data for development of health care programs for cleaners working in hospitals by analyzing job-related injuries among them and related factors. METHODS: The study surveyed cleaners working in 6 general hospitals in D metropolitan city. The questionnaire was structurally designed to include items about job-related injuries, working conditions, health related characteristics. For the analysis of the collected data, the SPSS/WIN 21.0 software was used, and t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS: Factors that affect health damages were gender and income levels. Inadequate safety facilities and equipment, noise, and income levels were found to be the factors affecting accident injuries. CONCLUSION: In order to reduce the job-related injuries, efforts need to be made to improve working conditions to deal with inadequate safety facilities and equipment and control noise. To fulfill this need, not only employers of cleaners but also hospitals in which they work should make efforts to educate those cleaners who have little knowledge of health and medical care, and improve their working conditions.

Impacts of Job Stress and Cognitive Failure on Patient Safety Incidents among Hospital Nurses

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the impacts of job stress and cognitive failure on patient safety incidents among hospital nurses in Korea. METHODS: The study included 279 nurses who worked for at least 6 months in five general hospitals in Korea. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires designed to measure job stress, cognitive failure, and patient safety incidents. RESULTS: This study showed that 27.9% of the participants had experienced patient safety incidents in the past 6 months. Factors affecting incidents were found to be shift work [odds ratio (OR) = 6.85], cognitive failure (OR = 2.92), lacking job autonomy (OR = 0.97), and job instability (OR = 1.02). CONCLUSION: Patient safety incidents were affected by shift work, cognitive failure, and job stress. Many countermeasures to reduce the incidents caused by shift work, and plans to reduce job stress to reduce the workers' cognitive failure are required. In addition, there is a necessity to reduce job instability and clearly define the scope and authority for duties that are directly related to the patient's safety.

The Effects of Case Management for Clients with Clonorchiasis in Riverside Areas

PURPOSE: In order to lower the infection rate and the reinfection rate of Clonorchiasis in high-risk areas, we performed and analyzed a case management on people with chlonorchisis. METHODS: The data was collected from April 2010 to March 2011. A community health practitioner was selected as a case manager based on our training program. The intervention group had 58 participants with three months of case management and the control group had 144 participants handled with traditional methods. RESULTS: The pre and post-test in the intervention group and the control group showed us improved knowledge of Clonorchiasis, attitudes and behavior toward eating freshwater fish. The results of post-test between the intervention group and the control group showed statistically significant differences in all categories, except a hand-washing category. However, one year after a case management, there was no significant difference in the failure rate of treatment. CONCLUSION: The case management was effective for people infected with Clornorchiasis near riverside areas; however, in order to lower the rates of reinfection and treatment failure, it is necessary to perform continuous monitoring and regular evaluations.

Depression of Married and Employed Women Based on Social-Role Theory

PURPOSE: This study was based on social-role theory, and purposes were to investigate (1) how depression and health determinants vary with married and employed women, and (2) what factors contribute to depression according to family cycle. METHODS: A stratified convenience sample of 765 married and employed women was recruited during May to August 2010. Study variables of depression, socio-demographic threatening factors, psycho-stimulating factors, and social-role related factors were measured via a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Prevalence rate for depression was 18.6%, with highest rate (25.4%) from elementary laborers. Greater levels of depression were related to women's occupation, higher life stress, and poorer health; lower social support and vulnerable personality; higher levels of social-role related stress. From multivariate analysis, women with preadolescents were the most vulnerable to depression affected by occupation, life stress, personality, and parenting stress. These factors (except for occupational class) combined with economic status, social support, and housework unfairness were significant for depression in women with adolescents. CONCLUSION: Depression among married and employed women differs by psycho-stimulating and social role relevant factors in addition to occupational class and family life cycle. Female elementary laborers and women with children need to have the highest prioritization for community mental health programs.

Conditions of Workplace Violence Experience among Workers in the Distribution Industry

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore violence experienced by workers in the distribution industry. METHODS: The research subjects were 236 workers from 2 department stores and 1 large scale discount store located in Daejeon City, Korea. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, chi2-test, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: 72.9% of the research subjects experienced verbal violence, and 9.3% of the respondents experienced physical violence during last year. 17.8% of the respondents reported that they had experience of sexual harassment at their workplaces. The variables which affected verbal violence included working departments and stress level, whereas the variable that affected physical violence was educational level of workers. The variables that affected experience of sexual harassment turned out to be gender as well as the duration of work at the current workplaces. CONCLUSION: The findings from this research revealed that many of the workers engaged in the distribution industry were exposed to workplace violence. For the reduction of risk of workplace violence for these workers, it is required to develop and execute programs including violence related policies and education about workplace violence.

The Relationship Among Nurses' Parenting Stress and Turnover Intention / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to understand correlation of parenting stress and turnover intention of nurses, and to provide basic data for effective nursing management. METHODS: Subjects included 287 nurses who had children and worked in hospitals. Data were collected through organized questionnaires from September 1st to 30th 2010. Collected data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis using PASW statistics 18 program. RESULTS: The average score for parenting stress of the participants was 3.12 out of 5. Nurture stress was statistically different depending on age, job position, shift work, night duty and stages of family development. The average score for turnover intention of the participants was 3.34 out of 5. Turnover intention was statistically different depending on age, number of children and stages of family development. As a result of correlation analysis of parenting stress and turnover intention, turnover intention showed positive correlation with daily stress, stress caused from taking parent role and average parenting stress. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that parenting stress is related with turnover intention, nursing managers should make efforts to decrease parenting stress in order to reduce turnover intention of nurses.

The Effects of a Walking Leader Program on Walking Knowledge and Self-efficacy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a walking leader program on changes in walking knowledge and self-efficacy. METHODS: The subjects were 276 participants who participated in the nationwide walking leader program 9 times from May to September in 2008. Data were collected before and after the program by an organized questionnaire. RESULTS: 1) Knowledge related to walking exercise increased significantly to 4.14 point from 2.90 point after the program (t=-20.70, p<.001). 2) Self-efficacy related to walking exercise increased significantly to 4.08 point from 3.40 point after the program (t=13.93, p<.001). 3) Significant factors that affected knowledge and self efficacy before the program were regular exercise and subjective health status. The history of chronic disease and smoking were significantly affecting factors to knowledge and self-efficacy after the program. CONCLUSION: The walking leader program promoted the participants' walking knowledge and self-efficacy. It is necessary to develop more specific programs tailored to socio-demographic characteristics of participants and to make efforts to increase participants with active public information.

Clonorchis Sinensis Infection Experience in Residents Living in Riverside Areas

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to describe clonorchis sinensis infection experience in high risk populations living in riverside areas. The research question was "How do local residents perceive Clonorchiasis and how are they infected with the parasite". METHODS: Qualitative data were collected by focus group interviews with 16 participants from January to February, 2009. All the interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by the content analysis method. RESULTS: Five main categories were conceptualized, which were "lacking in understanding of Clonorchiasis," "culture of the rural community," "life style," "recovering experience from infection" and "change of health behavior." CONCLUSION: The result of this study indicates that residents are infected with Clonorchiasis through interaction between individual and group risky factors. Therefore, it is important to develop effective health education programs on both individual and group levels to prevent infection with Clonorchiasis.

Relationships of Social Networks to Health Status among the Urban Low-income Elderly / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of social networks to health status among the urban low income elderly. METHOD: Using a sample of 598 elderly aged 65 years and higher, social networks, health status were measured by the Social Networks Scale (LSNS), Perceived Health Status, GDSSF-K, K-ADL respectively. The t-test, ANOVA and Tukey-test and Pearson's correlation analyses were performed using SPSS 18.0. RESULTS: 41% of subjects didn't contact with relatives at least once a month. 56% of subjects saw or heard less than monthly from relative with whom they have the most contact. 47% didn't have relatives who one can rely on private matters. Social networks among the low income elderly significantly differed by marital status, health insurance type, economic status, regular exercise, living with family. Social networks were significantly correlated with perceived health status (r=.201), cognitive function (r=-.154) and depressive symptoms (r=-.301). CONCLUSION: Poor social networks were found in urban low income elderly. Poorer social networks were related to worse health status and more depressive symptoms. Interventions targeting at increasing social networks are urgently needed for low income elderly.

Influences of Job Stress and Burnout on Turnover Intention of Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to understand the general hospital nurses' work stress, burn out and turnover intention and to identify the factors that influence on turnover intention. METHODS: This study was conducted through a survey of 283 nurses having at least 6 months of work experience of 4 general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected from September to October 2009. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression test with SPSS WIN 14.0. RESULTS: The score for turnover intention was 3.57 out of 5. Turnover intention was significantly correlated with work stress, burn out, and working position. The factors influencing turnover intention were organizational system, depersonalization, physical environment, work position, and occupational climate. The predict variables accounted for 27.9% of turnover intention. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that factors influencing turnover intention are organizational system, depersonalization, physical environment, work position, and organizational climate. Therefore, nursing managers should understand the organization's climate and establish a reasonable organization system to decrease turnover intention.

Workers' Health Belief in Health Promotion Programs and Related Factors

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between worker's health belief in health promotion programs and their demographic, health, and health behavior characteristics. METHODS: This study used survey data from 262 small- and large-scale workplaces. The study included 1149 male and female workers who completed the questionnaires. RESULTS: The health belief score increased significantly with age and length of service. Male, married, shift-work, and white-collar workers showed a significantly higher health belief score than female, single, non-shift-work, and blue-collar ones. Workers with disease history, hypertension, or obesity had a significantly higher health belief score. Regular exercise was significantly correlated with the health belief score. When all the variables were included in the model, the health belief score was significantly higher in workers who were married, had a longer length of service, worked in the sales department, were diagnosed with hypertension, exercised regularly, and felt fatigue. CONCLUSION: The results showed that workplace intervention programs meet more the needs of workers who have a higher health belief score. In addition, given that healthier life style was related to a higher health belief score, further research is required to find how to change health behavior in workers.

Job Stress, Depression, Social Support, and Coping Strategies of Clinical Nurses / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose was to investigate the relations among job stress, depression, social support, and coping strategies of nurses. METHOD: The data were collected from 362 nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess general characteristics, job stress, depression, social support and coping strategies. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression was 41.7%. Scores of job demand and insecurity, and organizational climate were very high. Logistic regressions showed that nurses, who were single, their 20s, had less than a career year, or working in private hospitals, associated with an increased risk of depression. The sub-scales of job stress except interpersonal conflict and lack of autonomy contributed to an increased risk of depression (lower group; OR=0.248, 95% CI:0.14-0.43). Also individual and organizational support and control coping strategies were associated with depression(lower group: OR=2.993, 95% CI: 2.11-6.30; OR=2.993, 95% CI: 1.51-5.65; OR=2.372, 95% CI=1.43-3.93). CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that the job stress, especially organizational climate, insecurity of job, lack of reward, individual and organizational support, and control coping strategies contributed to a risk of depression. In order to prevent the depression, the organizational support and strategies will be needed. The depression in specific context and organizational climate should be considered in future studies.

Job Stress and Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms of General Hospital Nurses / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between job stress and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of hospital nurses. METHOD: The questionnaires were administered to 290 nurses working in a general hospital located in S city from September 1 to 15, 2008. The data were analysed with descriptive statistics, and logistic regression test by SPSS WIN 14.0. RESULTS: With the NIOSH criteria 1, the musculoskeletal symptoms were prevalent in 66.8% of the subjects. The musculoskeletal symptoms by body parts appeared mostly on leg/foot(40.6%) and followed by shoulder (38.7%), waist(30.3%), neck(23.6%), hand/wrist/ finger(14.0%) and arm/elbow(4.4%). There were statistically significant differences in prevalence rate of musculoskeletal symptoms by age, work department, career and job stress. CONCLUSION: When developing a management program for musculoskeletal symptoms of hospital nurses, it is necessary to fully understand nurses' work considering each hospital's nursing administration system.

Analysis of Working Time of Nurses in Urban Public Health Center Branches in South Korea.: Focused on Nurses for Visiting Health Service and Chronic Disease Management

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate working time of nurses in urban public health center branch, especially for nurses for visiting health service and chronic disease management. METHOD: Daily note, which was developed by this research team, was distributed to nurses at 7 urban public health center branches to be filled out them for 2 weeks during 2 month from June 2007 to August 2007. We analyzed 121 daily notes recorded by visiting nurses and 65 daily notes written by chronic disease management nurses were analyzed. RESULTS: The total working time for visiting nurses at urban public health center branches was 589.85 minutes per day on the average. They spent 147.13 min in actual visiting nursing services, 149.36 min in documenting, 66.94 in preparing, 77.69 min in transferring, and 11.84 min in referring. The total working time for chronic disease management nurses at urban public health center branches was 582.92 minutes per day on the average. They spent 148.77 min in actual chronic disease management services, 120.62 min in documenting, 42.46 min in group education, 37.38 in preparing, and 10.38 min in referring. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to improve documenting systems and to increase community resources linkage were recommended through the results of this study. The results of this study are expected to be used to plan staffing at urban public health center branches in the future.

The Development of a Structural Model on Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders of Women Workers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a structural model on work-related musculoskeletal disorders of women workers. METHOD: Data were collected from 237 women workers from industries such as electronics, food production and garment production, and analyzed by LISREL 8.54. RESULT: The fitness indices of the model are GFI=.87, NNFI=.91, PNFI=.74. Eight out of the ten paths were proved to be statistically significant: work environment-->social support, work environment-->health behavior, work environment-->WMSDs, domestic work-->health behavior, social support-->health behavior, social support-->job satisfaction, health behavior-->job satisfaction, and job satisfaction-->WMSDs. Work environment, social support, health behavior and job satisfaction significantly influenced WRMDs. WRMDs were accounted for 35% by the predictor variables. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study identifies that work environment, social support, health behavior and job satisfaction are important factors affecting WMSDs. Therefore, in order to prevent WRMDs, it is most important to improve both physical work environment for female workers such as appropriate work station and tools fit for them and psychological environment such as less job demand and more decision latitude(worker control).