Effects of Nasal Instillation of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B on Nasal and Bronchial Mucosa in BALB/c Mouse

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effect of nasal exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis remains controversial. We sought to determine the effect of increasing doses of intranasally applied Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) on the respiratory mucosa, especially the nasal mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal application of SEB was performed on four occasions (days 0-4-8-12) in unsensitized BALB/c mice. Control mice were intranasally treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and 5 ng, 50 ng, 500 ng, and 5 microg of SEB was applied to the respective experimental group. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), nasal lavage fluid (NLF) and serum were compared among groups. Also, the counts of total inflammatory cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils in BALF and NLF were compared among the groups. Pathologic studies for inflammatory cell infiltration in the nasal mucosa and peribronchial area were conducted. RESULTS: IL-4 and IFN-gamma showed higher concentrations with increasing stimulation dose of SEB in NLF and serum. The IL-5 concentration showed a tendency to increase in NLF and serum, but these changes were not statistically significant. Total inflammatory cell count, especially macrophage count, in BALF and NLF was higher with increasing stimulation dose of SEB. Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the nasal mucosa showed a tendency to increase in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that nasal exposure to SEB may induce Th1 and Th2 inflammatory responses in the respiratory mucosa, especially the nasal mucosa.

Contemporary Augmentation Rhinoplasty with Autogenous Cartilage Grafts after Removal of Nasal Paraffinoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nasal paraffinoma originating from the liquid paraffin injected for the purpose of augmentation rhinoplasty has many complications such as itching sensation, pain and tenderness, hardness, erythema and telangiectasia, protrusion of lump and even psychologic problems. The only method of improvement is surgical removal of paraffinoma and reconstructive rhinoplasty. The aim of this study is to investigate patients' satisfaction about symptoms and signs in aesthetic aspects through analyzing survey papers following surgery. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We have treated 11 cases of nasal paraffinoma by contemporary augmentation rhinoplasty with autogenous cartilage grafts after removal of nasal paraffinoma from October, 1996 to May, 2000. The patients' ages ranged from 36 to 62 years and all were women. Patients' satisfaction about symptoms and signs in aesthetic aspects was investigated through analyzing survey papers at 6 months after surgery. We also have observed changes after surgery by conducting serial photographic documentation. RESULTS: All patients were satisfied with the results about symptoms and signs in aesthetic aspects. Serial photographic documentation showed the subsided skin lesion and nasal dorsum narrowing. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that contemporary augmentation rhinoplasty with autogenous cartilage grafts after removal of nasal paraffinoma is one of the effective treatment for nasal paraffinoma.

A Case of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Oral Cavity Presenting as a Buccal Mass / 대한이비인후과학회지

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a heterogenous group of neoplasm affecting the lymphoid system. About 10% of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occur in the extra-nodal region in the head and neck area and more than half of extra-nodal lymphoma in the head and neck area involves the Waldeyer's ring. Localization in the oral cavity is rare. We experienced one rare case of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the oral cavity, with trismus and persistent ulcerated swelling in the right-side cheek as the chief complaint.

Effects of Dexamethasone on RANTES Expression of Nasal Fibroblast / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fibroblasts play an indirectly augmenting effector role in allergic inflammatory response by releasing different proinflammatory cytokines, including RANTES, GM-CSF, IL-8 after stimulation by other inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha. The aim of this study was to investigate expression of RANTES in allergic and non-allergic nasal fibroblasts after stimulation with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, and to study the effect of dexamethasone on the RANTES expression of nasal fibroblast cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the 3rd passage of fibroblasts taken from the inferior turbinates of allergic and non-allergic patients, we evaluated the RANTES expression of fibroblasts after the IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha stimulation in the presence or in the absence of dexamethasone by ELISA. RESULTS: The expression of RANTES in allergic nasal fibroblasts stimulated by cytokines was stronger than in non-allergic nasal fibroblasts stimulated by cytokines. And dexamethasone suppressed the RANTES expression in allergic nasal fibroblasts stimulated by IFN-gamma. However, dexamethasone did not affect the RANTES expression in allergic fibroblasts stimulated by TNF-alpha and non-allergic fibroblasts stimulated by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. CONCLUSION: This study shows different responses of the RANTES production in nasal fibroblasts to dexamethasone, perhaps reflecting heterogeneity of nasal fibroblasts.