Prevalência e fatores associados ao bruxismo do sono em adolescentes de Teresina, Piauí / Prevalence and associated factors to sleep bruxism in adolescents from Teresina, Piauí

RESUMO: Introdução: Bruxismo do sono (BS) é uma atividade muscular repetitiva cuja epidemiologia em adolescentes tem sido pouco estudada. Este estudo observacional transversal objetivou determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao BS em adolescentes. Metodologia: A amostra foi constituída de 594 escolares na faixa etária de 11 a 14 anos de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Os instrumentos de coleta dos dados foram questionário direcionado aos pais/responsáveis e exame clínico dentário. Para se verificar associação entre BS e variáveis independentes, o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson foi aplicado, bem como análise de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, com resultados expressos em razão de prevalência (RP). Resultados: A prevalência de BS foi de 22,2%. Na análise multivariada foi observada maior prevalência de BS em adolescentes do sexo masculino (RP = 1,41; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% 1,04 - 1,89), com relato de ronco (RP = 1,39; IC95% 1,02 - 1,89) e dificuldades para dormir (RP = 1,92; IC95% 1,38 - 2,66). Conclusão: BS é uma condição frequente em adolescentes, e os fatores associados à sua prevalência foram: sexo masculino, ronco e dificuldades para dormir.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Sleep bruxism (SB) is defined as a repetitive jaw muscle activity whose epidemiology in adolescents has been little studied. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep bruxism and associated factors in adolescents. Methodology: The sample consisted of 594 students aged 11 to 14 years old from Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Self-administered questionnaire was answered by parents/caregivers and dental clinical examination was performed. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to assess the association between SB and independent variables. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was applied, with results expressed in prevalence ratio (PR). Results: The prevalence of SB in adolescents was 22.2%. Multivariate analysis showed a higher prevalence of SB in male gender adolescents (PR = 1.41; 95%CI 1.04 - 1.89), presenting snoring (PR = 1.39; 95%CI 1.02 - 1.89) and difficulty falling asleep (PR = 1.92; 95%CI 1.38 - 2.66). Conclusion: SB is a frequent condition in adolescents, and the factors associated with its prevalence were: male sex, snoring and difficulty falling asleep.

Oral Health of Children and Adolescents Victims of Maltreatment Housed in Foster Care: A Case-Control Study

Objective: To compare the oral health condition of children and adolescents victims of maltreatment housed in foster care with that of children and adolescents that have not been victims of maltreatment. Material and Methods: This is a case-control study with children and adolescents that have not been victims of maltreatment. In Group 1, the population was composed of 56 children victims of abuse housed in foster care. Group 2 was composed of an equal number of children and adolescents attending pediatric dentistry clinic at UFPI. Both groups were matched for sex and age. Data collection was divided into two phases: questionnaire application to children's parents / guardians and clinical examination of the oral cavity. The questionnaire was composed of questions about socioeconomic variables, reasons for admission in the foster care and oral health-related habits. To assess the oral health condition, epidemiological indexes dmft, DMFT and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) were determined and soft tissues were inspected to evaluate possible maltreatment sequelae. Results: Neglect was reported as the major cause of entry into the foster care (84%). There were no statistically significant differences between the mean dmft (p=0.240), DMFT (p=0.862) and GBI (p=0.275) values between groups evaluated. No sequelae or lesions characteristic of physical aggression were found; however, all individuals have been institutionalized for more than four months. Conclusion: Child and adolescents victims of maltreatment showed oral health condition similar to that of individuals that have not been victims of maltreatment.