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Background: Histology and genetically driven management are the current standard in carcinoma lung. Adequate tissue is a challenge in a few cases. While liquid biopsy is an, it’s an always preferred to get an initial cyto/histo morphological confirmation. While the immune-histo chemistry (IHC) is a proven method to differentiate the squamous vs adeno carcinoma, the role of various “immuno-cyto-chemical” makers were not studied widely. Methods: This is a retrospective (July 2018 to December 2018) for random sample collection and prospective (Jan 2019-August 2019) study conducted from in the Department of pathology, govt. chest hospital Osmania medical college, Hyderabad as a part of PG dissertation, 120 subjects with cytological diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma were analyzed during this period and others were excluded. Results: Out of 120 cases 80-adenocarcinoma (ADC) and 40-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Most of the patients are in 61-70 years, 20 are 71-80 years, 20 between 51-60 and 10 are between 40-50 years. In this study sensitivity of p63 and p40 is equal, but specificity and positive predictive value are higher for p40 for diagnosis of SCC. Conclusions: Immuno-cyto-chemistry is still a valid option in selected cases where getting a biopsy is difficult. Our findings recommend the use of p40 immuno staining rather than p63 as a squamous cell marker.
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Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the spectrum of genetic variations in young cancer patients presenting to the tertiary cancer center Methods: All newly diagnosed patients with cancer presenting to medical oncology OPD at continental hospitals between November 2021 till July 2023 were analyzed. Multigene panel testing (56 genes) by next-generation sequencing was performed for all patients. Demographics and clinical characters were represented using descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test was used to compare the cohorts of Mutations vs. non mutations. Results: A total of 130 cancer patients were screened and 70 were recruited in the study, which had complete set of clinical details available. Median age of Cohort is 41.9±6.6 years and for females it is 43.6±6.8 years and males it is 40.5±7.3, with males presenting at approximately 3 years earlier than females (p=0.12), which is not statistically significant. Male female ratio is 1.2:1, which is much less compared to Globocon statistics of cancer in India. A total of 47% (33/70) subjects had some mutation and approximately 16% (11/70) had variance of unknown significance and 32% (22/70) patients had pathogenic variants. The commonest cancer is breast followed by colon and prostate. Conclusions: Younger cancer patients presenting with atypical symptoms harbor more frequent germ line mutations, than expected. In view of the low cost, standardized and wide availability of the germ line analysis, it’s preferred to offer the test, wherever clinically relevant. This can help for better education, screening and early intervention, that ultimately help improve the cancer statistics in healthier directions.
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Intestinal malabsorption results from a wide variety of pathogenetic mechanisms which result in impairment of digestion and absorption of the nutrients. Malabsorption syndromes are organised in to three broad categories. One due to maldigestion, second due to mucosal or neural problems, third due to microbial causes. Small intestinal biopsies are needed to establish the definitive diagnosis. In this article, we attempt to review the literature of the etiopathogenetic mechanisms and diagnosis with histopathological confirmation of the most common malabsorption syndromes.
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Background: Nephrectomies whether partial, total or radical are common surgical procedures these days with trauma being the most common cause of an emergency nephrectomy. The indications of elective nephrectomies vary with different age groups- malignancies being common in the elderly age group and non-neoplastic indications of nephrectomy may present in any age group. The present study was undertaken in view of the increasing elective nephrectomies in our area thus analyzing the common causes requiring nephrectomy as a treatment. The present study also aimed at determining the age and sex distribution of various renal lesions requiring a nephrectomy. Methods: It was a prospective study for a period of 2 years - January 2013 to December 2014. A total of 45 nephrectomies were included in the study. Detailed clinical, biochemical and imaging findings were taken into consideration before analyzing each case. Results: There was a male predominance(64.4%) and 26.6% of the cases were in the age group of 40-50 years. 95.5% of the nephrectomies were performed for a non-neoplastic indication. Involvement of the right and left kidney was almost equal in the study. Chronic pyelonephritis was the most common histopathological diagnosis(68.8%). Conclusion: Inflammatory causes more commonly required a nephrectomy in the study population. Chronic calculous pyelonephritis was the most common underlying pathophysiology leading to a nonfunctioning kidney thus highlighting the early treatment of renal calculi.
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The supernumerary fascicles of abductor digiti minimi muscle have been implicated in vascular and nerve compression. During routine dissection of an old male cadaver we observed an anomalous muscle was found to take it's origin from the antebrachial fascia and flexor retinaculum, traversed ulnar canal (Guyon's) superficial to ulnar vessels and nerves to reach the proximal part of abductor digiti minimi. The anomaly is one of a kind. Its course through Guyon's canal could be a cause for Guyon's canal syndrome. It was innervated by the ulnar nerve.
Los fascículos supernumerarios del músculo abductor del dedo mínimo han sido implicados en la compresión neurovascular. Durante una disección de rutina de un cadáver masculino adulto, se observó un músculo anómalo que se originaba en la fascia antebraquial y en el retináculo flexor, atravesaba el canal ulnar, superficial a los vasos y nervio ulnares para llegar a la parte proximal del músculo abductor del dedo mínimo. La anomalía es única en su tipo. Su curso a través del canal ulnar puede causar el síndrome del canal ulnar. El músculo estaba inervado por el nervio ulnar.