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Background: The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB), a contagious, airborne infection that destroys body tissue. Pulmonary TB occurs when M. tuberculosis primarily attacks the lungs. However, it can spread from there to other organs. Pulmonary TB is curable with an early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment. Methods: The present study was conducted at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya with total of 100 sputum positive TB cases. The analysis was done between January 2023 to June 2023. Results: The proportion of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis and sputum positivity was highest in 20 to 40 years age group. The number of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis was three times more common in male compares to female. Conclusions: The highest burden of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis and maximum sputum positivity rate was found in productive age group. The proportion of sputum positive PTB was more in male than female patients. All age group except in patient between 0-19 year抯 ratio between male and female were almost equal.
RESUMO
Background: Hypertension (high blood pressure) is when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high (140/90 mmHg or higher). It is common but can be serious if not treated. Methods: The present study was conducted at medicine department of Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya from February to July 2023. Total 100 study subjects in the age group of 30� years were included by simple random sampling technique in the present study. Pre-designed, pre-tested proforma was used to collect data regarding demographic characteristics and different risk factors i.e. smoking and alcoholism through house-to-house visits. Results: In the present study the overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 18%. Similar findings have also been reported in other studies. Comparable prevalence (15%) was found in the study conducted at squatter settlement of Karachi (Pakistan). Similar prevalence of hypertension (16.9%) has also been reported in the study conducted among labour population of Gujarat. Conclusions: Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviors are amenable to modification and may therefore be relevant targets in the prevention of hypertension. For some modifiable risk factors, it is unclear whether they are causally related to hypertension. This study found that, BMI, alcohol dependence, insomnia, and educational level are causal risk factors of hypertension. This improved understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension can be used to identify additional targets for the prevention of hypertension and its association diseases.
RESUMO
Background: Many different ways exist to undertake and encourage students to improve their information and understanding of a subject matter. This study was undertaken to measure the impact of student-based mnemonic construction with multiple selection questions (mnemonics) as a stimulant for the training and understanding of topics in biochemistry. Methods: Medical students were selected voluntarily from various medical colleges. They were approached with a pre-validated mnemonic’s with prior oriented mnemonics. Feedback questions were taken from students regarding mnemonics usage. Statistics: Descriptive statistics was used and results were expressed as percentage. Results: 135 students were selected from first year for this study. A set of questionnaires were place and directed to decide on the suitable possibility as per the likert scale. The response were collected and analyzed. 65% of students very much liked learning mnemonics, 54% of students expressed interest to create mnemonics before going to exams. 38% of students expressed that they were terrified with mnemonics. 67% of students felt confident with mnemonics, 57% students opined that future theory teaching should be based contain few interesting mnemonics. 71% of students felt mnemonics helped them in remembering, analysing, evaluating and understanding difficult medical concepts. Conclusion: The fact that the mnemonics didn't test deep learning could suggest that the students did not gain the higher levels of understanding hoped for, but this is often a difficult conclusion to make particularly because it isn't a realistic expectation for students to provide mnemonics testing higher order cognitive skills at their first try.