Fat grafting associated with negative pressure wound therapy

Abstract Purpose: To describe a case report of FG associated with NPWT in the treatment of complex wound on the distal third of the lower limb with bone exposure. Case Report: A 59-year-old patient with chronic left tibial osteomyelitis since childhood underwent extensive debridement of the distal tibial diaphysis (40% of bone thickness per 10 cm extension) and placement of bioactive glass S53P4. Distal necrosis occurred in the fasciocutaneous flap used as the primary bone coverage. After flap debridement, the case was resolved with FG, directly on the exposed bone and biomaterial, associated with NPWT. Three weeks after the first FG session over bony tissue, 100% granulation was achieved with NPWT. The closure was completed with thin laminated skin graft over the granulated wound area. Discussion: The association of FG and NPWT is not known in the clinical practice. Except for the only one experimental study described by Kao et al.4, the theme was not addressed in the medical literature before. In this clinical case, the result obtained regarding the granulation tissue formation drew attention and prevented the use of more complex flaps such as the microsurgical ones. Accelerated granulation tissue formation was observed, filling an extensive and deep bone defect, even with infected bone and biomaterial. Low morbidity and no complications were observed with the use of FG associated with NPWT. When the grafted fat was compacted with the NPWT, it seemed to behave as a true autologous biological matrix with large amount of cells. To date, scientific studies on fat grafting have focused on the cellular aspect (adipocytes and mesenchymal cells), growth factors and fat differentiation in different tissues. The property of aspirated adipose tissue as a biological matrix seemed to be revealed by the application of NPWT in association with FG. This new roll for the aspirated fat tissue may represent a new research field in plastic surgery.

Surgical treatment of neglected clubfoot using external fixator / Tratamento cirúrgico do pé torto inveterado com fixador externo

ABSTRACT The definition of neglected clubfoot (NC) includes a variable range of complex deformities of the foot that are refractory to conventional treatments or are treated inappropriately. Several etiologies may be related to this. The Ilizarov method has become established as a tool for treating these deformities. It minimizes soft-tissue damage through gradual correction of the deformity, with a high success rate in relation to achieving a plantigrade foot, with low incidence of recurrence. The indications for treatment include severe rigid deformities (Dimeglio III and IV), or adverse skin conditions. Careful clinical and radiological examination is fundamental for proper planning and installation of the external fixator. The techniques used include selection of external fixation assemblies, which can be closed when there is a connection between the leg, hindfoot and forefoot. This closed assembly may or may not be constricted, according to whether hinges are provided or whether use of the natural anatomical hinges during correction of the deformity is envisaged. An open assembly makes it possible to add flexibility to the foot through histogenesis, while allowing closed corrections of greater precision later on. Hexapod fixators are an innovation with high potential for accuracy in correcting deformities. Procedures associated with external fixation include soft-tissue release and bone procedures. These procedures enable corrections that are more anatomical, for different degrees of severity and stiffness of deformity. It can be concluded from analyzing this case series that treatment of neglected clubfoot using an external fixator has a high rate of good and excellent results, with low frequency of complications.

RESUMO O pé torto inveterado (PTI) inclui em sua definição uma gama variável de deformidades complexas do pé refratário a tratamentos convencionais ou tratados de forma inadequada. Diversas etiologias podem estar relacionadas. O método de Ilizarov é consagrado como uma ferramenta de tratamento dessas deformidades, minimiza danos a partes moles, através de correção gradual da deformidade, com alto índice de sucesso em relação à obtenção de um pé plantígrado com incidência baixa de recidiva. As indicações do tratamento incluem deformidades graves e rígidas (Dimeglio III e IV) ou em condições de pele desfavoraveis. O exame clínico e radiológico criterioso é fundamental para um planejamento adequado e a montagem do fixador externo. As técnicas empregadas incluem a seleção das montagens do fixador externo, que pode ser fechada, quando há conexão entre perna, retro e antepé. Essa montagem fechada pode ser constrita ou não, quando se oferecem as dobradiças ou quando se espera usar dobradiças anatômicas naturais durante a correção da deformidade. A montagem aberta permite flexibilizar o pé através da histogênese, permite correções fechadas mais precisas posteriormente. Os fixadores hexapodais representam inovações com alto potencial de precisão na correção de deformidades. Os procedimentos associados à fixação externa incluem as liberações miotendíneas e os procedimentos ósseos. Esses procedimentos permitem correções mais anatômicas para graus diferentes de gravidade e rigidez de deformidade. Conclui-se, na análise das séries de casos, que o tratamento do pé torto inveterado com fixador externo apresenta um alto índice de bons e excelentes resultados, com baixa frequência de complicações.

Relação entre rigidez de fixador externo e quantidade de pinos: análise computacional por elementos finitos / Relationship between rigidity of external fixator and number of pins: computer analysis using finite elements

OBJETIVO: Analisar a rigidez da montagem de um fixador externo tipo plataforma, segundo diferentes números de pinos em cada clamp. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se simulação computacional do fixador externo dinâmico modelo Cromus tamanho grande (Baumer S.A.) por elementos finitos, conforme a norma ASTM F1541. Os modelos foram gerados com, aproximadamente, 450.000 elementos tetraédricos quadráticos. Compararam-se as montagens com dois, três e quatro pinos tipo Schanz com 5,5mm de diâmetro em cada clamp. Cada modelo foi submetido à força máxima de 200N, dividida em 10 sub-steps. Para os componentes foi assumido comportamento do material linear, elástico, isotrópico e homogêneo. Para cada modelo, avaliou-se a rigidez da montagem e a distribuição de tensão de Von Mises. RESULTADOS: A rigidez do sistema foi de 307,6N/mm para dois pinos, 369,0N/mm para três e437,9 N/mm para quatro. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstram que quatro pinos tipo Schanz por clamp promovem aumento de rigidez de 19% em relação à configuração com três e 42% em relação à configuração com dois. Maiores tensões ocorrem para configurações com menor quantidade de pinos. Nos modelos analisados, a tensão máxima ocorre na superfície do pino, próxima à área de fixação.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the rigidity of a platform-type external fixator assembly, according to different numbers of pins on each clamp. METHODS: Computer simulation on a large-sized Cromus dynamic external fixator (Baumer SA) was performed using a finite element method, in accordance with the standard ASTM F1541. The models were generated with approximately 450,000 quadratic tetrahedral elements. Assemblies with two, three and four Schanz pins of 5.5 mm in diameter in each clamp were compared. Every model was subjected to a maximum force of 200 N, divided into 10 sub-steps. For the components, the behavior of the material was assumed to be linear, elastic, isotropic and homogeneous. For each model, the rigidity of the assembly and the Von Mises stress distribution were evaluated. RESULTS: The rigidity of the system was 307.6 N/mm for two pins, 369.0 N/mm for three and 437.9 N/mm for four. CONCLUSION: The results showed that four Schanz pins in each clamp promoted rigidity that was 19% greater than in the configuration with three pins and 42% greater than with two pins. Higher tension occurred in configurations with fewer pins. In the models analyzed, the maximum tension occurred on the surface of the pin, close to the fixation area.

Luxaçäo acromioclavicular: estudo prospectivo / Acromioclavicular dislocation: prospective study

No período de janeiro de 1988 a dezembro de 1989, foram atendidos 47 casos de luxaçäo acromioclavicular aguda. Foram analisados 20 casos, segundo critérios clínicos e radiológicos. Analisamos os resultados dos tratamentos, bem como a eficácia da tipóia tipo Kenny-Howard e a presença de complicaçöes