Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Using Electrochemical Deposition Method at Body Fluid Temperature / 대한치과재료학회지

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was coated on titanium using electrochemical deposition (ECD) method at body fluid temperature. The titanium specimens for ECD were prepared by chemically etching treatment using 5M NaOH solution. The electrolyte mixed with 5 mM Ca(NO³)² and 2 mM NH⁴H²PO⁴ which has pH 5 (E2) was adjusted to pH 3 (E1) and pH 6 (E3). The different electric pulses of −10, −15, −30 mA were applied to each specimen. The temperature of electrolytes was kept at 37℃. E1-10, E1-15, E1-30, E2-10, E2-15, E2-30, E3-10, E3-15, and E3-30 groups were prepared for this study. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that E1-10 and E1-15 groups were not coated and the powder-shaped compounds were formed on E3-15 and E3-30 groups. The cracks were observed on the surface of E1-30 and E2-30 groups. The evenly and stable coated layer was deposited on E2-10, E2-15 and E3-10 groups. The layer coated on titanium surface had an HAp crystalline structure. E1-30 and E2-30 groups had low crystallinity, even though they had thick layer. HAp layer on for E2-10 group was well deposited on the surface because it more aligned to c-axis compared with other groups.

The Effect of Laser Assisted Liposuction

The 635-nm low-level laser therapy was reported to "liquefy" or release stored fat in adipocytes by causing a transitory pore in the cell membrane to open, which permitted the fat content to go from inside to outside the cell. But some data do not support the belief that low-level laser therapy treatment before lipoplasty procedures disrupts tissue adipocyte structure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of low-level laser- assisted liposuction. The use of low-level laser-assisted lipoplasty was evaluated in a series of 90 cases. There were 2 treatment groups in the clinical study. Subjects in the test group(39 patients; 31 thighs and 17 abdomen) received only liposuction on one side and laser-assisted liposuction on the other side during early 1liter aspiration time. 51 patients in the operated group received laser-assisted liposuction on both side. After adequate infiltration was obtained in all targeted body areas, a 635-nm electric diode laser was applied to the targeted areas for 12 to 15 minutes to liquefy the fat which was extracted immediately after laser treatment. On the side which received laser-assisted liposuction of the 39 test-group patients, we could gain much fat component(71+/-7.2 vs 63+/-8.6%) and it took short time(26+/-5.7 vs 31+/-7.7 minutes). Postoperative recovery was rapid, and complications were minimal. Low-level laser-assisted lipoplasty can be a valuable adjunctive tool for the performance of lipoplasty.

In vitro Antifungal Activities of Several Disinfectants Against Candida Species / 대한의진균학회지

BACKGROUND: The increased incidence of fungemia by hospital-acquired infection necessitates reevaluation of fungicidal activities of antiseptics and disinfectants. OBJECTIVE: We examined the candidacidal activity of several disinfectants including ethanol, phenol, povidone-iodine, and methanol which has been used commonly in the hospital. Candidal species tested were Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida guillermondii. METHODS: All candidial stains were cultured in Sabouraud-dextrose agar (SDA), and the spore numbers of them were measured by a hemocytometer. After candidial suspensions were mixed with disinfectants of different concentration for 30 second, they were washed with physiologic saline to remove disinfectants. The suspensions were adjusted into 1x10(4) cfu/ml and were cultured in SDA at 30 degrees C for 72 hours. Minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) was defined as the minimum concentration of a disinfectant to effect no growth of candidial strains. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was defined as the minimum concentration of a disinfectant to effect minimum growth of candidial strains. RESULTS: Our results showed that MFCs of candidial strains were 30~45% in Ethanol, 40~55% in methanol, 0.025~0.06% in povidon-iodine and 1~2% in phenol. All strains tested were killed by ethanol, methanol and povidone-iodine within 2 min at MIC, except phenol. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, concentrations of disinfectants generally used in the hospital are sufficient to kill candidial strains. Careful procedure should be done in mycologic studies to eliminate the fungicidal effect of disinfectants.