Rice-based breakfast improves fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast, but breakfast skipping increases aromatic amino acids associated with diabetes prediction in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast: a randomized, parallel-group, controlled trial

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#Adolescents who skip breakfast have an increased prevalence of chronic diseases. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether the intake of rice-based breakfast had positive effects on blood glucose indices and to determine the possibility of diabetes prevalence in Korean youths who habitually skip breakfast. @*SUBJECTS/METHODS@#In this randomized parallel-group controlled trial, 81 subjects who were suitable for compliance among 105 middle-and high-school students aged 12-18 years who usually skipped breakfast were included in this study (rice-meal group [RMG], n = 26; wheat-meal group [WMG], n = 29; general-meal group [GMG], n = 26). The RMG and WMG received a rice-based breakfast and a wheat-based breakfast for 12 weeks, respectively. The anthropometric indices, blood glucose indices, and metabolites were measured at baseline and the endpoint, respectively. @*RESULTS@#The mean body weights in the RMG, WMG, and GMG groups at the endpoint were 62.44 kg, 61.80 kg, and 60.28 kg, respectively, and the mean body weights of the WMG and GMG groups at the endpoint were significantly higher than that at baseline (P < 0.05). The levels of fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were significantly decreased in the RMG group at the endpoint compared to baseline (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). The levels of tryptophan and tyrosine in the WMG group at the endpoint were significantly higher than that those at baseline (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). @*CONCLUSIONS@#Rice-based breakfast has positive effects on fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast. Additionally, it was found that a skipping breakfast could increase the prevalence of diabetes in adolescents who skip breakfast. Therefore, in addition to reducing breakfast skipping, it is vital to develop a ricebased menu that fits teenage preferences to prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes.

Recognition and preference of ricebased home meal replacement for breakfast among adolescents in the Jeonbuk area / 한국영양학회지

Purpose@#Although, the rate of skipping breakfast among adolescents has increased in recent years, there has been an increase in the consumption of home meal replacement (HMR). This study examines the recognition and preference of rice-based Korean style HMR for breakfast among adolescents in located at Jeollabuk-do. @*Methods@#Total of 550 middle- and high-school students of Jeollabuk-do enrolled in this study signing a consent of participation. After conducting a preliminary survey, the questionnaire employed was modified according to the purpose of this study, and the self-recording method was appliedto fill out the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The χ2 -test was performed for categorical variables, whereas continuous variables were analyzed by the independent t-test. @*Results@#Results of this study determined that 272 students (54.6%) belonged tobreakfasteating group and 226 (45.4%) were in the breakfast-skipping group. The reasons specified by both groups for eating HMR were ‘convenient to cook’, ‘delicious’, and ‘time-saving’. The a result of analyzing perception of the importance of HMR by classifying as whether to eat or not to eat breakfast, revealed that compared to the breakfast-skipping group, the breakfast-eating group considered ‘hygiene and cleanliness’ as important factors (p < 0.001).Considering the gender, school, and breakfast consumption, the most preferred Korean HMR were ‘triangular gimbap’, ‘gimbap’, and ‘rice balls’. @*Conclusion@#Results of this study indicate, when considering adolescents, there is a necessary for continuous researches to develop convenient breakfast substitutes that are easily consumed. Moreover, we believe that it is essential to impart proper cooking education and recipe distribution of the menu.

Recognition and preference of ricebased home meal replacement for breakfast among adolescents in the Jeonbuk area / 한국영양학회지

Purpose@#Although, the rate of skipping breakfast among adolescents has increased in recent years, there has been an increase in the consumption of home meal replacement (HMR). This study examines the recognition and preference of rice-based Korean style HMR for breakfast among adolescents in located at Jeollabuk-do. @*Methods@#Total of 550 middle- and high-school students of Jeollabuk-do enrolled in this study signing a consent of participation. After conducting a preliminary survey, the questionnaire employed was modified according to the purpose of this study, and the self-recording method was appliedto fill out the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The χ2 -test was performed for categorical variables, whereas continuous variables were analyzed by the independent t-test. @*Results@#Results of this study determined that 272 students (54.6%) belonged tobreakfasteating group and 226 (45.4%) were in the breakfast-skipping group. The reasons specified by both groups for eating HMR were ‘convenient to cook’, ‘delicious’, and ‘time-saving’. The a result of analyzing perception of the importance of HMR by classifying as whether to eat or not to eat breakfast, revealed that compared to the breakfast-skipping group, the breakfast-eating group considered ‘hygiene and cleanliness’ as important factors (p < 0.001).Considering the gender, school, and breakfast consumption, the most preferred Korean HMR were ‘triangular gimbap’, ‘gimbap’, and ‘rice balls’. @*Conclusion@#Results of this study indicate, when considering adolescents, there is a necessary for continuous researches to develop convenient breakfast substitutes that are easily consumed. Moreover, we believe that it is essential to impart proper cooking education and recipe distribution of the menu.

Influence of Professionalism and Organizational Communication on Patient Safety Culture of Nurses in Hemodialysis Units / 임상간호연구

PURPOSE: The study was conducted to investigate correlation between professionalism, organizational communication the and patient safety culture of nurses in hemodialysis units and verify factors that affect patient safety culture. METHODS: Data were collected from 109 nurses working in hemodialysis units located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: The Professionalism of participants was significantly correlated with patient safety culture while the Organizational communication was also correlated with patient safety culture. Factors influencing participants' patient safety culture included professionalism, organizational communication, employment history in current hospital, and the number of patients per nurse. These factors explained 57.8% of patient safety culture. CONCLUSION: The research findings suggest that in order to increase the awareness of patient safety culture of nurses in hemodialysis units, strategic efforts are needed to enhance professionalism and organizational communication satisfaction of nurses in hemodialysis units.

Effects of Cordyceps militaris supplementation on the immune response and upper respiratory infection in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: Upper respiratory tract infections are major causes of the common cold throughout the world. Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is a well-known functional food for its anti-fatigue and immunomodulating activities. On the other hand, there are no reports on the protective effect against upper respiratory tract infections (URI). This study was a 12 week randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial in healthy volunteers. METHODS: A total of 100 subjects 20 ~ 70 years of age with a history of at least two colds in the year were enrolled in the study. The participants were required to record any adverse events and rate any cold-related incidents in a diary during the investigation period. The efficacy end point was the symptoms and incidence of URI, and changes in cytokines, IgA and natural killer (NK) cell activity. RESULTS: The Cordyceps militaris group over 12 weeks showed no significant impact on the incidence and symptomatology of URI compared to the placebo group. On the other hand, the experimental group showed significantly higher NK cell activity (p = 0.047) and IgA level (p = 0.035) compared to the placebo group. The NK-cell activity and IgA level were increased significantly by Cordyceps militaris over 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the possible beneficial immunomodulating effects, but the protective effects on URI could not be demonstrated under these conditions. Additional research will be needed to determine the efficacy and mechanisms of Cordyceps militaris function.

Effects of adherence to Korean diets on serum GGT and cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with hypertension and diabetes / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study examined whether the supply of healthy Korean diets for 12 weeks is effective in improving the risk factors related to serum GGT and cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypertension and diabetes. METHODS: This study selected 41 patients, who were treated with hypertension and diabetes. The Korean diet was composed of cooked-rice, soup, kimchi, and various banchan with one serving called bapsang, which emphasize proportionally high consumption of vegetables and fermented foods, moderate to high consumption of legumes and fish, and low consumption of animal foods. The control group was instead instructed to “eat and exercise as usual” while following the Korean Diabetes Association's dietary guidelines with an intake that can assist in glycemic control, maintain adequate weight, and meet the nutritional requirements. The Korean diet group (21 patients) were served three healthy Korean meals a day for 12 weeks, and the control group (20 patients, who trained in the diet guideline of diabetes) maintained their usual diabetic diet. The serum GGT, blood pressure, heart rate, glycemic control data, cardiovascular risk indicators, and changes in diet measured at the four visits (week 0, 4, 8, and 12) during the course of 12 weeks were compared and evaluated. RESULTS: The serum GGT (p < 0.001), HbA1c (p = 0.004), heart rate (p = 0.007), weight (p = 0.002), Body Mass Index (p = 0.002), body fat mass (p < 0.001), body fat (%) (p < 0.001), and free fatty acid (p = 0.007) in the Korean diet group decreased significantly after the dietary intervention compared to the control group. The amount of intake of rice, whole grains, green vegetables, Kimchi, and soybean fermented food were increased significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The Korean diet group showed significant decreases (p < 0.001) in the intake of animal protein, lipid, and cholesterol derived from animal foods compared to the control group but significant increases (p < 0.001) in the intake of total calories, folic acid, dietary fiber, sodium, potassium, and vitamins A, E, and C. CONCLUSION: In patients with hypertension and diabetes, it was confirmed that regular eating of a healthy Korean diet helps improve the risk factors for GGT and cardiovascular diseases.

Effects of Korean diet control nutrition education on cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients who underwent cardiovascular disease surgery / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to verify the effects of increases in consuming Korean food in patients who underwent cardiovascular disease (CVD) surgery based on a Korean diet control education program and to investigate the effects of Korean diet control nutrition education on risk factors of CVD, changes in amounts of medication, and nutritional intakes. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 15 patients who have undergone CVD surgery within three years and continuously taken cardiovascular drugs. The Korean traditional diet (KTD) emphasizes intake of vegetables and fermented foods to lower saturated fat and cholesterol intake. We applied a KTD education program that included a modified DASH (The dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet for cardiovascular disease patients. Korean diet control education was then applied to the patients for 12 weeks to evaluate the risk factors of CVD and the state of nutritional intakes. RESULTS: The Korean diet control compliance score increased significantly (p < 0.001) as Korean diet control education was implemented. Additionally, the obesity indexes, waist circumference (WC) (p = 0.002) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) decreased significantly (p < 0.001) after subjects received the education. Moreover, the glycemic control index, HbA1c, was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) from 7.3 ± 1.0% before the education to 7.0 ± 1.1% after the education. Changes in the amounts of Korean diet intake consisted of significant increases in cooked rice with whole grains, narmuls (vegetables either raw or cooked), kimchi, and traditional fermented foods following the education. Moreover, the nutritional intake after the education showed significant decreases (p < 0.05) in animal protein, animal lipids, and cholesterol. However, the intakes of Na, K, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and folic acid were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: The active encouragement of consuming Korean food and the intervention of implementing diet control education positively affected nutritional intake, the obesity index and glycemic control of patients who have undergone CVD surgery.

Effects of Nutrition Education and Exercise Program on Obesity Index and Behavioral Modification in Moderate Obese Women / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral modification of obese adults who underwent nutritional and physical activity education. Twenty obese females, aged 20–60 years old, with BMIs (Body Mass Index) >30 or body fat (%) >40 were subjected to this study. METHODS: The physical activity education program consisted of doing exercise in a gymnasium together or home exercise. Dietary attitudes and dietary intakes were assessed using weight control, physical activity, and eating habits. The nutrition-exercise educational period was 12 weeks. RESULTS: After the study period, there was significant improvement in physical activity and eating habits score. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the dietary intakes of fiber, iron, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B6, and niacin. Blood pressure, blood glucose, and total cholesterol levels showed a tendency to decrease, but there was no significant difference. BMI, fat mass, abdominal circumference, and visceral fat levels were significantly reduced while muscle mass significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that behavioral modification by nutrition and physical activity education with feedback has positive effects on dietary intake and anthropometric biomarkers in obese adults. Therefore, lifestyle interventions of this kind could be recommended as a method for obesity management.

Effects of Nutrition Education and Exercise Program on Obesity Index and Behavioral Modification in Moderate Obese Women / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral modification of obese adults who underwent nutritional and physical activity education. Twenty obese females, aged 20–60 years old, with BMIs (Body Mass Index) >30 or body fat (%) >40 were subjected to this study. METHODS: The physical activity education program consisted of doing exercise in a gymnasium together or home exercise. Dietary attitudes and dietary intakes were assessed using weight control, physical activity, and eating habits. The nutrition-exercise educational period was 12 weeks. RESULTS: After the study period, there was significant improvement in physical activity and eating habits score. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the dietary intakes of fiber, iron, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B6, and niacin. Blood pressure, blood glucose, and total cholesterol levels showed a tendency to decrease, but there was no significant difference. BMI, fat mass, abdominal circumference, and visceral fat levels were significantly reduced while muscle mass significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that behavioral modification by nutrition and physical activity education with feedback has positive effects on dietary intake and anthropometric biomarkers in obese adults. Therefore, lifestyle interventions of this kind could be recommended as a method for obesity management.

Analysis of Parenting Stress, Coping and the Quality of Life for the Mother of Children Suffering from Epilepsy / 대한소아신경학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the parenting stress, coping and the quality of life for the mother of children suffering from epilepsy. METHODS: Research subjects were 176 mothers of a child between 0 to 12 years old, who visited pediatric neurology department at a general hospital in Seoul. The data were collected between October 1, 2015 and October 20, 2015. The questionnaire was composed of a total of 75 questions: 36 questions on parenting stress, 13 questions on coping ability, and 26 questions on quality of life. The collected data were analyzed by Cronbach's α, percentage, mean, frequency, standard deviation, ANOVA, Pearson's correlations, t-test, Scheffe post hoc test, and Hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS WIN 22.0 program. RESULTS: 1) The mean scores of the parenting stress, coping ability and quality of life were 2.47±0.68, 3.83±1.29, 3.23±0.60. 2) The subjects showed significant differences in parenting stress depending on their occupation, monthly income, age of the child, the child's age at the time of epilepsy diagnosis, frequency of the child's seizure, the child's developmental delay, and the child's exposure to other disease and brain damage among general characteristics of the subjects. 3) Correlation analysis resulted in negative correlation between the parenting stress and quality of life, and positive correlation between coping ability and quality of life. 4) Regression analysis found that parenting stress and coping are the factors affecting quality of life. Finally, the model containing both parenting stress and coping explained 52.41% of variation in quality of life, and parenting stress had the highest influence. CONCLUSION: nursing intervention and educational program should be developed to improve the quality of life in the mother of children with epilepsy. Furthermore, governmental support is required to help with reducing parenting stress to better the quality of life for the mother.

Analysis of Parenting Stress, Coping and the Quality of Life for the Mother of Children Suffering from Epilepsy / 대한소아신경학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the parenting stress, coping and the quality of life for the mother of children suffering from epilepsy. METHODS: Research subjects were 176 mothers of a child between 0 to 12 years old, who visited pediatric neurology department at a general hospital in Seoul. The data were collected between October 1, 2015 and October 20, 2015. The questionnaire was composed of a total of 75 questions: 36 questions on parenting stress, 13 questions on coping ability, and 26 questions on quality of life. The collected data were analyzed by Cronbach's α, percentage, mean, frequency, standard deviation, ANOVA, Pearson's correlations, t-test, Scheffe post hoc test, and Hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS WIN 22.0 program. RESULTS: 1) The mean scores of the parenting stress, coping ability and quality of life were 2.47±0.68, 3.83±1.29, 3.23±0.60. 2) The subjects showed significant differences in parenting stress depending on their occupation, monthly income, age of the child, the child's age at the time of epilepsy diagnosis, frequency of the child's seizure, the child's developmental delay, and the child's exposure to other disease and brain damage among general characteristics of the subjects. 3) Correlation analysis resulted in negative correlation between the parenting stress and quality of life, and positive correlation between coping ability and quality of life. 4) Regression analysis found that parenting stress and coping are the factors affecting quality of life. Finally, the model containing both parenting stress and coping explained 52.41% of variation in quality of life, and parenting stress had the highest influence. CONCLUSION: nursing intervention and educational program should be developed to improve the quality of life in the mother of children with epilepsy. Furthermore, governmental support is required to help with reducing parenting stress to better the quality of life for the mother.

A Case of Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome in a 16-year-old Girl Presented with Iron Deficiency Anemia / 임상소아혈액종양

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a rare condition that is most commonly characterized by rectal pain and bleeding. It can be accompanied by diarrhea or constipation, tenesmus, and rectal prolapse. Considering its non-specific symptoms, it is often difficult to diagnose, particularly in children. The underlying etiology of SRUS is not fully understood; however, it may be secondary to ischemic changes in the rectum associated with paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor and external anal sphincter muscles and rectal prolapse. The macroscopic appearance of the rectal lesion may vary from hyperemia to ulceration or a polypoid lesion that can mimic carcinoma, although the histological findings are characteristic, with fibromuscular obliteration of the lamina propria and disorientation of muscle fibers. We report an adolescent case of SRUS developed in a 16-year-old adolescent girl who presented with iron deficiency anemia.

A Case of Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome in a 16-year-old Girl Presented with Iron Deficiency Anemia / 임상소아혈액종양

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a rare condition that is most commonly characterized by rectal pain and bleeding. It can be accompanied by diarrhea or constipation, tenesmus, and rectal prolapse. Considering its non-specific symptoms, it is often difficult to diagnose, particularly in children. The underlying etiology of SRUS is not fully understood; however, it may be secondary to ischemic changes in the rectum associated with paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor and external anal sphincter muscles and rectal prolapse. The macroscopic appearance of the rectal lesion may vary from hyperemia to ulceration or a polypoid lesion that can mimic carcinoma, although the histological findings are characteristic, with fibromuscular obliteration of the lamina propria and disorientation of muscle fibers. We report an adolescent case of SRUS developed in a 16-year-old adolescent girl who presented with iron deficiency anemia.

In vitro Stimulation of NK Cells and Lymphocytes Using an Extract Prepared from Mycelial Culture of Ophiocordyceps sinensis

Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a natural fungus that has been valued as a health food and used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. The fungus is parasitic and colonizes insect larva. Naturally occurring O. sinensis thrives at high altitude in cold and grassy alpine meadows on the Himalayan mountain ranges. Wild Ophiocordyceps is becoming increasingly rare in its natural habitat, and its price limits its use in clinical practice. Therefore, the development of a standardized alternative is a great focus of research to allow the use of Ophiocordyceps as a medicine. To develop an alternative for wild Ophiocordyceps, a refined standardized extract, CBG-CS-2, was produced by artificial fermentation and extraction of the mycelial strain Paecilomyces hepiali CBG-CS-1, which originated from wild O. sinensis. In this study, we analyzed the in vitro immune-modulating effect of CBG-CS-2 on natural killer cells and B and T lymphocytes. CBG-CS-2 stimulated splenocyte proliferation and enhanced Th1-type cytokine expression in the mouse splenocytes. Importantly, in vitro CBG-CS-2 treatment enhanced the killing activity of the NK-92MI natural killer cell line. These results indicate that the mycelial culture extract prepared from Ophiocordyceps exhibits immune-modulating activity, as was observed in vivo and this suggests its possible use in the treatment of diseases caused by abnormal immune function.

The Serum Level of Insulin Growth Factor-1 and Insulin Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Children with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura

PURPOSE: We investigated whether serum levels of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are valuable in predicting clinical outcomes or are correlated with other laboratory findings in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). METHODS: We examined 27 children who were consecutively admitted to our hospital with HSP between January 2011 and February 2012. Blood tests (C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, albumin, immunoglobulin A, complement C3, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, IGF-1, IGFBP-3) and urine tests were performed upon admission. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were resampled in the recovery phase. Controls included 473 children whose IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were sampled for evaluating their growth, at the outpatient department of pediatric endocrinology in our hospital. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were compared between the HSP children and controls, and between the acute and recovery phases in HSP children. The ability of these values to predict clinical outcomes including renal involvement was analyzed using bivariate logistic regression analysis (BLRA). RESULTS: IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were not different between the HSP children and controls (148.7±117.6 vs. 69.2±96.9, P=0.290: 3465.9±1290.9 vs. 3597.2±1,127.6, P=0.560, respectively). There was no significant difference in IGF-1 or IGFBP-3 between acute and recovery phases. Based on the BLRA, no variable, including IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, could predict clinical outcomes including the presence of nephritis. CONCLUSION: We concluded that IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 do not predict clinical outcomes of HSP, including renal involvement, in this study.

Prediction of Cortical Defect Using C-Reactive Protein and Urine Sodium to Potassium Ratio in Infants with Febrile Urinary Tract Infection

PURPOSE: We investigated whether C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, urine protein-creatinine ratio (uProt/Cr), and urine electrolytes can be useful for discriminating acute pyelonephritis (APN) from other febrile illnesses or the presence of a cortical defect on 99mTc dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scanning (true APN) from its absence in infants with febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 150 infants experiencing their first febrile UTI and 100 controls with other febrile illnesses consecutively admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to December 2012. Blood (CRP, electrolytes, Cr) and urine tests [uProt/Cr, electrolytes, and sodium-potassium ratio (uNa/K)] were performed upon admission. All infants with UTI underwent DMSA scans during admission. All data were compared between infants with UTI and controls and between infants with or without a cortical defect on DMSA scans. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the ability of the parameters to predict true APN was analyzed. RESULTS: CRP levels and uProt/Cr were significantly higher in infants with true APN than in controls. uNa levels and uNa/K were significantly lower in infants with true APN than in controls. CRP levels and uNa/K were relevant factors for predicting true APN. The method using CRP levels, u-Prot/Cr, u-Na levels, and uNa/K had a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 65%, positive predictive value of 60%, and negative predictive value of 95% for predicting true APN. CONCLUSION: We conclude that these parameters are useful for discriminating APN from other febrile illnesses or discriminating true APN in infants with febrile UTI.

Incidental Breast Lesions Identified by 18F-FDG PET/CT: Which Clinical Variables Differentiate between Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions? / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the risk of malignancy and to determine which clinical variables differentiate between benign and malignant focal breast lesions found incidentally on 18F-flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG PET/CT). METHODS: From March 2005 to October 2011, 21,224 women with no history of breast cancer underwent FDG PET/CT at three university-affiliated hospitals. We retrospectively identified 214 patients with incidental focal hypermetabolic breast lesions and grouped them into benign and malignant lesion groups. Of the 214 patients, 82 patients with 91 lesions were included in this study. All lesions were confirmed histologically or were assessed by follow-up imaging for greater than 2 years. The patient age, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), lesion size on ultrasonography (US), and Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category on US in conjunction with mammography were compared between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with malignancy. RESULTS: The risk of malignancy was 29.7% (27/91) in breast incidentalomas detected by FDG PET/CT. The univariate analysis showed that the patient age, SUVmax, tumor size, and BI-RADS category differed significantly between the malignant and benign groups. The multivariate analysis showed that the BI-RADS category was the only significant factor differentiating benign from malignant lesions (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: BIRADS category based on US in conjunction with mammography was the only useful tool to differentiate between malignant and benign lesions in breast incidentalomas on FDG PET/CT.

A Case of Acute Hepatitis Associated with Intravenous Infusion Amiodarone in Patient with Atrial Fibrillation

We report a case of intravenous infusion amiodarone induced acute hepatitis, occurs within 1 day after initiation of drug in a 72-year-old woman with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Liver function test before intravenous infusion amiodarone treatment was normal. She was treated with intravenous infusion amiodarone, and then developed acute hepatitis next day. We suspected drug induced hepatitis due to intravenous infusion amiodarone. The liver function test returned to normal after the amiodarone was stopped. We described an unusual case which intravenous infusion amiodarone induced acute hepatitis within.

Acute Epstein-Barr Virus Hepatitis in a 32 Month Old Female Manifesting as Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

Henoch-Schonlein purpura can result from exposure to an antigen after infection with several types of organisms. However, Henoch-Schonlein purpura caused by a primary Epstein-Barr virus infection has been rarely reported. Here, we report the case of a 32-month-old female patient who presented with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Based on abnormal liver function test results and positive results for Epstein-Barr virus infection markers, a diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis manifesting as Henoch-Schonlein purpura was made. Treatment with methylprednisolone and hydration improved the symptoms, and a switch to oral steroids was effective in completely alleviating the purpura. No recurrence was noted and no liver function abnormalities were detected during the follow up period.

Acute Epstein-Barr Virus Hepatitis in a 32 Month Old Female Manifesting as Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

Henoch-Schonlein purpura can result from exposure to an antigen after infection with several types of organisms. However, Henoch-Schonlein purpura caused by a primary Epstein-Barr virus infection has been rarely reported. Here, we report the case of a 32-month-old female patient who presented with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Based on abnormal liver function test results and positive results for Epstein-Barr virus infection markers, a diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis manifesting as Henoch-Schonlein purpura was made. Treatment with methylprednisolone and hydration improved the symptoms, and a switch to oral steroids was effective in completely alleviating the purpura. No recurrence was noted and no liver function abnormalities were detected during the follow up period.