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Background: Cardiovascular disease/Coronary artery disease (CAD), leading cause of global morbidity and mortality covers any disease of the circulatory system. In -vivo antioxidant nutrients which include vitamin C, trace elements such as Se, Zn and Cu play a crucial role in defending against oxidant damage. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes occurring in the levels zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and Selenium (Se) in coronary artery tissues of patients with CAD. Material and methods: Coronary artery samples collected from these patients during bypass surgery from known CAD patients. These samples were analyzed for Se, Zn, and Cu; results are expressed in terms of wet weight. Normal Healthy serum Se, Zn, and Cu levels were also analyzed to compare with coronary artery samples. Results: The levels of Zn, Cu and Se in patient’s coronary artery samples were observed to be very low when compare to Zn, Cu and Se levels of healthy person’s serum samples. In addition, our study showed that the levels of Zn and Cu in coronary artery samples were low when they compared to heart tissue Zn and Cu levels from CVD patients from other studies. Whereas, Se levels in coronary artery samples in our study are same as heart tissues samples in previous other studies. Yet, there was limited/no observational studies were published to identify levels of trace element levels in coronary artery samples. Hence our present observations interpreted the levels of Zn, Cu and Se in coronary artery samples with 20 numbers of sample size only; further, higher number of samples needed to formulate the standard reference ranges of these trace elements in setting up a newer biochemical marker in correlation/interpretation of CVD/CAD. Conclusion: The finding of our results showed that Se levels in coronary artery observed to be same as heart tissue levels from other study. The myocardial clinical manifestation seems to be due to alteration of levels of these trace elements in serum, tissue levels in patients. In our studies, however, the patients with coronary heart disease had,in general, lower concentrations of Zinc,copper in serum than the healthy controls.
RESUMO
Vanadium is considered as an essential trace element in some animals. In human’s classification of vanadium as an essential nutrient is still a topic of debate among various research groups. Nutritionally vanadium is thought to be a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions. Increased levels of insulin in blood (hyperinsulinemia) associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Increase intake of fat induces hyperinsulinemia which may leads development of type-2 diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to know the effect of vanadium supplementation on high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. In this study New Zealand white breed male rabbits divided into three groups. Group-I: rabbits fed with standard diet Group-II: fed with group-I diet and egg yolk, Group-III: rabbits fed with group-II diet and supplemented with 0.5mg/kg of elemental vanadium as sodium meta vanadate. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Triglycerides were significantly decreased in G-III when compared to G-II after the experiment. HDL-cholesterol levels are similar in G-II & G-III. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were significantly decreases in G-III than G-II. The present study shows the antidiabetic and antilipidemic role of vanadium in the experimental rabbits. Supplementation of vanadium may prevents hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk factors like, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia in diabetes mellitus.
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A PtdIns 4-kinase from rat spleen particulate fraction was purified to homogeneity and its molecular properties were compared with a PtdIns 4-kinase from splenic lymphocytes. The enzyme activity was solubilized from spleen particulate fraction with Triton X-100 and chromatographed sequentially on phosphocellulose, DEAE-sephacel, heparin acrylamide and hydroxyapatite columns. The purified enzyme preparation showed a 55 kDa band on SDS-PAGE with silver staining. Renaturation of the enzyme activity from SDS-PAGE showed that it comigrated with the 55 kDa protein. Characterization of the enzyme showed that it was a type II PtdIns 4-kinase. Polyclonal antibodies raised against PtdIns 4-kinase inhibited the enzyme activity in in vitro assays. Analysis of adult rat tissue particulate fractions on immunoblots showed restricted immunoreactivity among PtdIns 4-kinases. However, the immunoreactivity is conserved in lymphoid tissues from mouse to human, suggesting that lymphoid tissue has a distinct PtdIns 4-kinase. Activation of rat splenocytes with Con A showed two fold increase in PtdIns 4-kinase activity. Comparison of PtdIns 4-kinases from spleen and splenic lymphocytes showed identical chromatographic behaviour, molecular mass, immunoreactivity, K(m) values for PtdIns and inhibition by adenosine.