TLR2 Signaling Pathway in Alveolar Bone Osteogenesis Induced by Aloe vera and Xenograft (XCB)

Abstract The aim of this study was to find the role of TLR2 signaling pathway in reducing osteoclast activity and promoting osteoblast growth by inducing a combination of Aloe vera and cancellous bovine xenograft (XCB) into dental extraction socket. Forty-eight Cavia cobayas were used. They were divided into eight groups (n=6). For control group, their mandibular incisors were extracted and filled with PEG. For treatment groups, they were extracted and filled with XCB, Aloe vera and the combination of Aloe vera and XCB. The first four groups were sacrificed after 7 days and the other groups after 30 days. Immunohistochemistry and histopathology examination were conducted to examine TLR2, TNFa, OPG, collagen-1, and the osteoblast and osteoclast expressions. The expressions of TLR2, OPG and Collagen-1, as well as the number of osteoblast were increased. Meanwhile, the expressions of TNFa and osteoclast were decreased. The study finding was that TLR2 signaling pathway influenced alveolar bone osteogenesis process by reducing osteoclast activity and stimulating osteoblast growth induced by the combination of Aloe vera and XCB.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel da via de sinalização de TLR2 na redução da atividade osteoclástica e na promoção do crescimento de osteoblastos, induzindo uma combinação de Aloe vera e enxerto de osso esponjoso bovino (EOEB) em alvéolo de extração dentária. Quarenta e oito Cavia cobayas foram utilizados e divididos em 8 grupos (n = 6). Para o grupo de controle, seus incisivos mandibulares foram extraídos e preenchidos com polietilenoglicol (PEG). Para grupos de tratamento, os dentes foram extraídos e preenchidos com EOEB, Aloe vera e a combinação de Aloe vera e EOEB. Os primeiros quatro grupos foram sacrificados após 7 dias e os outros grupos após 30 dias. As análises de imunohistoquímica e histopatologia foram realizada para examinar TLR2, TNFa OPG, colágeno-1 e as expressões de osteoblastos e osteoclastos. Houve maior expressão de TLR2, FGF2, OPG e colágeno-1, bem como maior número de osteoblastos. Enquanto isso, a expressão de TNFa e osteoclastos estava diminuída. O principal achado do estudo foi que a via de sinalização de TLR2 influenciou o processo de osteogênese do osso alveolar, reduzindo a atividade dos osteoclastos e estimulando o crescimento de osteoblastos induzido pela combinação de Aloe vera e EOEB.

Management of infant diarrhea with high-lactose probiotic-containing formula.

To study the influence of high-lactose probiotic-containing formula on the course of acute diarrhea, an experiment using a randomized controlled clinical trial with patients having acute diarrhea for 3 days was conducted. One hundred patients were allocated into two groups that were comparable for age, sex, and nutritional status. The test group was administered high-lactose Bifidobacterium bifidum-containing formula, while the control group had no high-lactose probiotic until the end of the experiment. The degree of subsequent diarrhea and recovery were monitored in both groups. The results for the test and control groups were analyzed and compared using the chi-square test and Fisher exact test with a significance level (alpha) of 0.05. The study results revealed that there was no significant difference between the test and control groups (p>0.05) as well as at positive clinical test (13%) and positive floating test (65%). However, the patients receiving probiotic-containing formula had significantly less frequency of stools, when compared with the control group (p<0.05).

Airlangga scoring system for prediction of dehydration in diarrheal patients.

To investigate the predictive factors for dehydration in acute diarrheal patients, this case control study was conducted using the observational analytic method. Acute diarrheal patients who were admitted to the Hospital and Outpatient Pediatric Clinic, Dr Soetomo Hospital, were included in this study. By discriminant analysis, three significant variables were determined to differentiate dehydration risk in acute diarrheal patients: frequency of stool, amount of feces in the stool, and severity of vomiting (power test: 70.0%). Significant differences were found between the groups with and without dehydration for stool frequency each day (p<0.05), amount of stool per day (p<0.05), and severity of vomiting (p<0.05). Frequency of stool, amount of stool, and severity of vomiting are predictive factors for dehydration in acute diarrhea.