Effect of nasal cavity expansion surgery on chronic nasal obstructive diseases on the blood supply of the cerebral arterial system / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of nasal cavity expansion surgery on the abnormal blood supply of the cerebral arterial system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-nine inpatients with abnormal blood supply of cerebral arterial system confirmed by transcranial doppler (TCD) and chronic nasal obstructive diseases were included in this study. All patients accepted nasal cavity expansion surgery and were followed-up with TCD every month after operation until TCD became normal, or up to seven months even if the TCD was still abnormal. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In all 59 patients, there were 164 TCD-abnormal cerebral arteries. Among them, 37 patients(62.71%) with abnormal TCD arteries became normal within 1 to 7 months after operation, 8 patients (13.56 %) got better, but 14 patients (23.73 %) did not improve.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Abnormal blood flow of some cerebral arteries was possibly induced by increasing the activation of sympathetic nervous system around the vertebral arterial system, caused by chronic nasal obstruction. Nasal dilatancy surgery can improve the blood supplement of the cerebral arterial system.</p>

Modification of closed tympanoplasty in middle ear cholesteatoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Classic mastoidectomy and modified mastoidectomy are traditional surgical procedures for middle ear cholesteatoma with goals of eradicating diseases, creating dry ears and preventing severe complications. However, the drawback of these procedures is the lack of hearing improvement. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the effects and safety of a modification of closed tympanoplasty for middle ear cholesteatoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-three patients were recruited in this study based on the following two criteria: each patient had middle ear cholesteatoma in one ear; the affected ears had a functional eustachian tube and had neither intracranial nor extracranial complications. All the patients received a modification of closed tympanoplasty which included ossicular reconstruction with total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) or partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) and membrane repair with conchal cartilage-perichondral complex.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 83 cases had dry ears with membranes healed within 4 - 6 postoperative weeks. After 6 postoperative months, there were 3 cases with re-perforation at the tympanic membrane center and after 1.5 postoperative years, there were 5 cases with cholesteatoma recurrence (6.02%). Function tests after one postoperative year exhibited an improvement of pure tone audiometry (PTA) in 27 cases that was more than 30 dB, in 33 cases between 20 - 29 dB, 14 cases with improvement between 10 - 19 dB, and in 9 cases there was no improvement.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The modified closed tympanoplasty procedure for middle ear cholesteatoma in the present study has all the advantages of both close-cavity and open-cavity procedures. It has low recurrence rate and good hearing improvement.</p>

Clinical significance of intact canal wall mastoidectomy combined with facial recess opening in the treatment of secretory otitis media of children / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical significance of intact canal wall mastoidectomy combined with facial recess opening in the treatment of secretory otitis media of children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 17 children (19 ears) with recurrent secretory otitis media yet failed tube insertion more than 3 times, and treated with intact canal wall mastoidectomy combined with facial recess opening, in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of SUN Yat-sen University, were reviewed. And because of the eustachian tube dysfunction, 7 ears simultaneously accepted tube insertion, which were removed after 1 to 3 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pathological examination of the lesions in middle ear and mastoid of the 19 ears, revealed cholesterol granuloma in 9 ears and inflammatory granulation in 10 ears. All 19 ears recovered with normal tympanic membranes. There were 16 ears with type A tympanogram and 3 ears with type C tympanogram (negative pressure less than 150 mm H₂O). The air-bone gaps were less than 15 dB in 3 months after surgery. There was no recurrence in all cases after 2 - 3 years follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In case of recurrent otitis media in children, especially when tube insertion is ineffective, intact canal wall mastoidectomy combined with facial recess opening can be adopted to clear the lesions thoroughly, and to establish long-time and effective ventilation of eustachian tube, tympanic cavity, tympanic antrum, and mastoid.</p>

Long-term therapeutic effects of repairing the whole auricular defects with osseointegrated prosthetic ears / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the long-term therapeutic effects of repairing the whole auricular defects with osseointegrated prosthetic ears.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2002 to December 2005, 62 patients (63 ears) with the whole auricular defects were treated with osseointegrated prosthetic ears and followed up for 5 - 8 years (median 6.5 years) after operations. In all cases, the following items were analyzed: stability and dislocation rate of the implants fixing prosthetic ears, infection of tissues surrounding implants, time and appearance satisfaction of wearing prosthetic ears, rate and time length of replacement of prosthetic ears, and presence of systemic complications or not.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 63 ears were healed with one surgery, with the appearances of life like shapes, stable fixation, and natural color. Infection of implants and their surrounding tissues occurred in all cases, but didn't influence the stability of the implants. All 126 implant particles in 63 ears survived after one surgery, except that 4 implant particles were dislocated by trauma. In all cases, the time of wearing prosthetic ears was more than 8 hours per day. Because of color fading and breakage, average time length of replacement of prosthetic ears was 3.0 years. There were no intracranial or systemic complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Osseointegrated prosthetic ears can be used in the treatment of the patients with the whole auricular defects, because of its safety and reliability, the stability of long-term therapeutic effects, and the good satisfaction of the patients.</p>

Synergistic effect of schwann cells and retinoic acid on differentiation and synaptogenesis of hippocampal neural stem cells in vitro / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the synergistic effect of Schwann cells (SCs) and retinoic acid (RA) on differentiation and synaptogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from hippocampus of neonatal rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The classical method for 2x2 factorial analysis experiment was used to assess synergistic action of SCs and RA. NSCs were treated with RA, SCs, and SCs + RA in DMEM/F12 with 0.5% fetal bovine serum for six days, respectively. Double immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the differentiation of NSCs including nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Map2. The expression of PSD95 was used to demonstrate synaptogenesis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After NSCs were treated with RA or SCs, the expression of nestin and GFAP was significantly decreased while the expression of Map2 and PSD95 was significantly increased in comparison with the control. Factorial ANOVA showed that interactions between SCs and RA could induce the expression of Map2 and PSD95.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SCs and RA could promote synergistically the neuronal differentiation and synaptogenesis of hippocampal neural stem cells in vitro while they decreased the astrocytes and nestin positive NSCs.</p>

Clinical application of osseointegration for auricular defects and deformity / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical value of osseointegration for repairing auricular defects and deformity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty cases (21 ears) including congenital and non-congenital auricular defects and deformity, were treated with osseointegrated prostheses according to the manual of Branemark implanting system. The first-stage operation was for osseointegration of implants, and the second-stage was for anchoring the prostheses. All cases were followed up for six months to three years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One-time success rate is 100%. Satisfactory rate of appearance recovery is 90.47%. The infection rate between osseointegrated implants and surrounding tissue is 14.28%. The stability rate of prostheses is 100%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It has a good result to apply osseointegrated prostheses for repairing auricular defects and deformity.</p>