The Effect of Balance Exercise Using Exercise Ball on Balance Function of Elderly

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vestibular rehabilitation is an important therapy to treat dizziness in elderly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of balance and resistance exercises in improving balance function in elderly. METHODS:Sixty elderlies between the age of 65 to 80 years old were divided into two groups; the control group and exercise group. The exercise group carried out balance and resistance exercises using an exercise ball for 60 minutes each time, 3 times/week for 16 weeks. The elderlies in both groups went through sensory organization test (SOT) and motor control test (MCT) of Equi test pre-series of exercise and post-series of exercise. RESULTS: Conditions 4 and 6 of SOT in control group and conditions 3, 4, 5, and 6 of exercise group showed significantly higher scores in post-exercise compared to those of pre-exercise status. In condition 4, the score was significantly higher in exercise group compared to that of control group. In sensory analysis, the visual and vestibule analyses ratio of post-exercise were significantly higher compared to those of pre-exercise status. The visual analysis ratio of exercise group was significantly higher compared to that of control group. In MCT, the latency of medium forward of exercise group was significantly decreased compared to that of control group in post-exercise status. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the balance and resistance exercises using an exercise ball was effective in improving various scores and ratio of SOT and sensory analyses in the elderly. This kind of exercises appears to improve balance function in the elderly. The balance and resistance exercises using exercise ball may be effective exercises to improve balance function of chronic dizziness including presbyastasis.

Various Pathologic Lesions Associated with Anterior Shoulder Instability: Experience over 10-Years of Arthroscopic Treatment / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: We report upon the frequency and results of treatment for various pathologic lesions such as ALPSA lesions, capsular laxity, mid-capsular tear and HAGHL lesions in cases of anterior shoulder instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and four consecutive patients with anterior shoulder instability underwent arthroscopic repair and the outcomes were evaluated according to various lesions and treatment modalities in a retrospective study afte a minimum of one year elapsed after surgery. RESULT: All 24 cases of ALPSA lesions were treated using the arthroscopic transglenoid suture technique. Clinical results were excellent in 18 cases. Of 67 cases of capsular laxity, type IV Bankart lesion was combined in 42. 47 cases were treated with the transglenoid technique and 20 with the transglenoid suture technique and capsular shrinkage. The clinical results were excellent in 45 cases. All 11 cases of mid-capsular tear were treated with its combined lesion, and the clinical results proved to be excellent in 8 cases. Of the 4 cases of HAGHL lesions, all cases were treated with the direct suture technique, and 2 had excellent clinical results. CONCLUSION: In the case of anterior shoulder instability, various pathologic lesions as well as Bankart lesion can be found. Therefore, the evaluation of the exact pathologic lesion causing instability and its appropriate treatment are important for satisfactory surgical outcomes. The arthroscopic transglenoid suture technique is one of the most useful methods of reconstruction in various pathologies of shoulder instability.

Monitoring of Peak Expiratory Flow Rates during Asthmatic Children's Winter Camp / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

PURPOSE: It is important in asthmatic children to encourage ordinary physical activity. However physical activities in winter are limited excessively by their parents for fear of bronchospasm by cold air and exercise. Children's asthma camps help them to learn about asthma management, make new friends with other asthmatic children, have positive attitude about the disease and have a more active lifestyle. But there have been few asthma camps and appropriate asthma camp programs have not been developed in Korea. Our study was done to see how camp programs influenced on asthma patient by measuring of PEFR during camp programs and thereby to have the data be used for future development of asthma camp programs. METHODS: From January 19th to 22th 1998, we recruited for camp 17 asthmatic patients and 31 normal children who had no history of admission due to respiratory infection. The main camp programs consisted of skiing and sledding. PEFR was checked 5 times a day and we analyzed variation of PEFR in relation to daily activities, temperature, humidity of atmosphere. RESULTS: 1) The mean age was 8 years with a range of 5 years to 11 years with male predominance (male/female : 2.4/1) in asthma group and the mean age was 10 years with a range of 5 years to 16 years with female predominance (male/female: 1/2) in control group. 2) The mean PEFR (% predicted) was checked early morning, prior to breakfast, lunchtime, supper and at the end of the day's activities (before sleeping) were 90.43+/-24.15%, 93.48+/-19.42%, 98.99+/-25.89%, 96.77+/-21.23%, 100.9+/-20.86% in asthma group and 93.69+/-16.41%, 94.49+/-17.13%, 94.15+/-17.28%, 96.84+/-16.44%, 96.52+/-16.24% in control group. All values were within normal range and there was no significant change of the mean PEFR value in relation to daily activity. The values of PEFR were low at early morning. We have observed a significant difference of PEFR between early morning and before sleeping in asthma group (P<0.05). 3) In the asthma group, 2 cases had respiratory difficulty prior to lunchtime but symptoms were resolved after bronchodilator nebulization. CONCLUSION: We recommend ski or sledding to be safe as one of the programs for asthma camp but control of asthma attack is needed because lung function is decreased at night and appropriate warming up is needed before cold air sports.