RESUMO
Introduction: Children who play violent video games can become violent and aggressive. An aggressive emotional change in their behavior and deviation in academic performance is usually noticed. Aim: To assess the impact of violent video games playing among school going adolescents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a random sample of 400 adolescents recruited from four selected English medium schools of a City of Northern India by convenient sampling. Each student was interviewed by using a self-structured questionnaire which covered demographics, video gaming behaviors, and effects of video game playing on adolescents. Statistical Analysis: Collected data were entered in Microsoft Excel and subjected to suitable statistical tests. Results: 83.75% of the participants play video games while 1/3rd preferred to play violent games. 72.24% of the parents did not monitor the video game content of their children. Both boys (58.56%) and girls (17.12%) got aggressive during parent’s interference while playing violent video games. Most of the male (62.07%) were willing to apply actions of violent video games in real life. About 63.21% male violent video gamers showed poor academic performance as compared to girls (33.33%). Conclusion: Adolescents and their parents should be updated about the negative impact of excessive video game playing on health and psychosocial functioning.
RESUMO
Infants born for small for date (SFD) fetuses have an increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Different methods have been applied to identify these fetuses including history, clinical examination and ultrasonography. Ultrasonography has a better predictive value and majority of such fetuses can be identified. Measurements of the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) charts are widely used in dating pregnancies and follow-up of pregnant women in assessing fetal growth, identification of small for date (SFD) and growth retarded fetuses. This prospective study was performed to construct fetal chart for BPD, AC and FL at different gestational weeks from the Bangladeshi pregnant women. Seven hundred and ten women had ultrasonic measurements of fetal BPD, AC and FL between 12 to 42 weeks of pregnancy. Centiles, mean and the standard deviation (SD) were calculated for BPD, AC and FL. Mean maternal age was 24.73 +/- 4.48 (Mean +/- SD) and 310 (43.7%) were primigravidae. There was a gradual increase of the BPD (outer-inner), AC and FL measurements of 5th, 10th, 50th and 90th Centiles upto 38th weeks of gestation with a gradual increase of SD showing increasing dispersion of data. In cases of BPD and AC, After 38th weeks of gestation the Centiles showed a slower growth rate towards 42 weeks of pregnancy. This slower growth rate from 38 weeks of pregnancy was not noted in case of femur length. Fetal charts with the raw data for each measurement with superimposed fitted lines derived from polynomial (quadratic) regression were constructed. Quadratic model showed good fit to the data during construction of fetal charts. The new fetal measurement charts of BPD, AC and FL are unique for the Bangladeshi population and have not been found similar in the later weeks of pregnancy to those published for other Caucasian populations. These charts will help the clinicians and sonographers in dating pregnancy, identifying SFD and growth retarded fetuses.