Influence of two natural cross-linkers on microtensile bond strength durability ­ An in vitro study / Influência de dois reticuladores naturais na durabilidade da resistência de união à microtração ­ Um estudo in vitro

Objective: to investigate the effect of two natural cross-linkers on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and evaluate their influence on the durability of the resin dentin bonds. Material and Methods: the Moringa oleifera and Centella asiatica plant extracts were qualitatively tested with high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) for the presence of phenols. The phenolic content ranged from 27 to 30 gallic acid equivalents (GAE), µg/mg of dry weight. After etching, two concentrations (5% and 1%) of these two extracts were prepared and used as pretreatment liners on dentin. They were applied for a min. After restoration with resin composite, dentin resin beams were prepared. The study groups were 5% Moringa, 1% Moringa 5% Centella 1% Centella, and control (without cross-linker application). For each group, half of the samples underwent µTBS testing after 24 hours, while the remaining half were immersed in artificial saliva to assess the bond's longevity after 6 months of ageing. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results: both 5% and 1% Moringa showed a significant difference (p<0.05) compared to the other groups at both intervals. However, after ageing, the specimens in the control and 1% Centella groups resulted in a significant decrease in µTBS. Conclusion: overall, both concentrations of Moringa (5% and 1%) were effective in stabilising the bond during both intervals.(AU)

Objetivo: investigar o efeito de dois reticuladores naturais na resistência de união (µTBS) à microtração e avaliar sua influência na durabilidade da adesão da resina à dentina. Material e Métodos: extratos das plantas Moringa oleifera e Centella asiatica foram qualitativamente testados através de cromatografia em camada fina de alta performance (HPTLC) para a presença de fenóis. O conteúdo fenólico alcançou entre 27 a 30 equivalentes de ácido gálico (GAE), µg/mg de peso seco. Após o condicionamento, duas concentrações (5% e 1%) dos extratos foram preparadas e utilizadas como forros de pré-tratamento em dentina. Eles foram aplicados por um minuto. Após a restauração com resina composta, palitos de dentina e resina foram preparados. Os grupos foram 5% Moringa, 1% Moringa, 5% Centella, 1% Centella e controle (sem aplicação de reticulador). Para cada grupo, metade das amostras foram submetidas ao teste µTBS após 24 horas, enquanto a outra metade foi imersa em saliva artificial para avaliar a longevidade adesiva após 6 meses de envelhecimento. Foi realizada análise estatística através de ANOVA 1-fator, seguido do teste post hoc de Tukey. Resultados: ambas as concentrações de 5% e 1% de Moringa demonstraram diferença significativa (p<0.05) comparadas aos outros grupos em ambos os intervalos. No entanto, após o envelhecimento, os espécimes dos geupos controle e 1% de Centella resultaram em uma redução significativa de µTBS. Conclusão: no geral, ambas as concentrações de Moringa (5% e 1%) foram efetivas em estabelecer a adesão em ambos os intervalos (AU)

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Ectodermal Dysplasia in a 14 Year Old Child: A Case Report

Ectodermal dysplasia is a diverse group of genetic disorders that involve defects of the ectodermally derived structures and their accessory appendages including hair, nails, teeth, skin and glands. Other parts of the body, such as the eyes or throat, may be affected as well. Oral signs and symptoms are present in most of patients. The aim of this article is to report a case of child affected by ectodermal dysplasia with partial anodontia and to summarize some of the literature on current knowledge of oral manifestations and orofacial function as dental manifestations can be crucial for differential diagnosis of this disorder.

Non-surgical Management Of A Large Periapical Lesion: A Case Report

Aim - To report the non-surgical management of a large periapical lesion. This paper presents the successful management of periapical lesion with successful resolution of signs and symptoms both clinically and radiographically. With dawn of era of minimal intervention in dentistry, surgical management of periapical lesions become controversial. Nonsurgical or conservative management of periapical lesions not only cause less trauma to the tissues, but also promote faster and less eventful healing. This article highlights the healing potential of non surgical endodontic treatment in the management of large periapical lesions.

A Study on the Effect of Janani Suraksha Yojana on Antenatal Registration and Institutional Deliveries in the Agra District of Uttar Pradesh.

Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) was launched in April 2005, to promote institutional deliveries through provision of cash assistance, transport, escort, and referral services. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the antenatal registrations, postnatal checkups, and institutional deliveries, and to compare the various social groups. Married women of the reproductive age group, having at least two children, were interviewed regarding antenatal care, delivery, and postnatal care in both pregnancies, latest as well as previous. Post JSY implementation, antenatal registrations increased from 61.79 to 96.34%, Deliveries at the Government Health Facility increased from 25.20 to 53.25% and postnatal check-ups increased from 45.93 to 69.51%. In the post-JSY-implementation phase, the Government Health Facility was preferred more by Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Classes (OBC) (SC/ST = 56.87%, OBC = 60.2%, and general = 43.68%), educated (Illiterate = 17.39%, Primary = 88.14, and Middle or above = 81.94%) and the lower socioeconomic classes (Lower SEC 71.83% and Upper lower and above = 45.71%) for their deliveries. It appears that the socially backward groups have benefi ted more from JSY.

Comparison of sodium hypochlorite and mixture of tetracyline citric acid and detergent as irrigating material in endodontics

The main objectives of root canal therapy are cleaning, shaping and obturating the canal system in three dimensions and preventing reinfection. So the irrigation is important part of a root canal treatment as it allows for cleaning beyond the reach of root canal instruments. Inadequate irrigation or instrumentation without irrigation increases the accumulation of debris on the cutting surfaces of instruments as well as debris and smear layer on root canal walls. In this review article, comparison of MTAD [mixture of tetracycline citric acid and detergent] and sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] as irrigating material in endodontics is made

Incidence of various kennedy's classes in partially edentulous patients visiting dental OPD Hyderabad/Jamshoro

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of various Kennedy's classes in partially edentulous patients visiting dental OPD Hyderabad/Jamshoro. A Descriptive study was conducted at Department of Prosthodontics, Liaquat University of medical and health sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad, Sindh from Jan 2013 to June 2013. Three hundred patients who were fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Detailed Clinical examination of the patients were done and recorded in proforma. Out of 300 patients included in this study 173 were male [57.66%] and 127 patients were female [42.33%]; with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. There was wide variation of age ranging from a minimum of 15 year to 75 years. The mean age was 47 +/- 7.8 years. Clinical examination of patients revealed mostly teeth missing in mandibular arch 180 [60%] patients, while in maxillary arch 120[40%] patients. The most common site of missing teeth in our study was left side in 128[42.66%] cases, followed by right side in 144[38%] cases and anterior site in 58[19.33%] cases. Our study revealed class-I in 97[32.33%] cases, class-II in 47[15.66%] cases, class-III in 99[33%] cases and class-IV in 57[19%]. In conclusion, the partially edentulous condition exists common incidence in the in the mandibular as compared with maxillary arch. Kennedy's Class I and III remains the most common [33% and 32.33%] classification

Awareness of diabetic patients regarding their oral hygiene

The study was conducted at Diabetic Clinic ofLiaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from July 2013 to December 2013, with the sample size of 200 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through a self-designed questionnaire through an interview by the investigator. 79.5% patients did not know what type of diabetes they were suffering from 94% of the patients were well aware of the systemic complications of diabetes mellitus whereas 31.5% had no idea that being a diabetic they need to take extra care of their oral hygiene. Around 52% of the patients brushed their teeth once a day and 34% brushed twice a day.69% of the participants did not take any extra measures for maintaining their oral hygiene. Gingivitis was thought to be the most common oral manifestation occurring in the oral cavity of a diabetic patient was the reply of 49.2% of the patients. This study concludes that although diabetic patients seem to have a good knowledge and awareness about systemic complications related to the disease, the accurate awareness about oral hygiene, how to properly maintain it and diabetic related oral manifestations was deficient and there was considerable room for improvement

Retrospective analysis mandibular fractures at abbasi shaheed hospital, Karachi

Objectives of this study were to assess the presentation and management of mandibular fractures. This retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi. Sample size was 263. Male: female ratio 15:1. Audit period was from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012. The road traffic accident was leading cause 80%, while fall 7%, assault represented 7%, fire arm injuries 5% and sports injuries were 1%. Site distribution of mandibular fractures 11.78% occurred in the condyle, 19.39% at angle of jaw. In 23.95% or the body, 27.96% parasymphysis, 8.36% Symphysis, 2.28% ramus and in 6.0% dento-alveolar areas were involved. Different treatment modalities were used for the proper reduction and fixation of the fracture. Majority of the patients were treated with open reduction with miniplates fixation. It was concluded that majority of patients belonged to 2nd decade of life with male predominance, parasymphysis and body were the commonest sites of mandibular fractures and road traffic accident was the leading cause of trauma in the studied subjects

Battery operated and manual tooth brush; comparison for dental plaque removal

Background: Dental plaque may cause oral problems that may include dental caries, periodontal problems, and halitosis. Motivation, awareness and manual dexterity have much effect on tooth brushing. The advantages related with manual and battery operated tooth brushing have been reported different in the literature

Objective: To compare the manual and battery operated tooth brush for plaque removal efficiency

Study Design: Randomized control trial

Setting: The Dental OPD of Department of Community Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro

Period: November 2011 to June 2013

Methods: Total 100 patients of both genders, aged ?18 years were included. Patients were equally divided into manual and battery operated brush groups. The presence of plaque was checked and plaque index was recorded. Wilcoxon sign pair test was applied to compare pre and post plaque score for manual and battery operated tooth brush. Independent sample t test was applied to compare percent reduction of plaque score between groups. The significance level of P-value was up to 0.05

Results: In manual brush group, 27 were male and 23 were female. Mean age was 25.65 +/- 5.87 years. In battery operated brush group, 32 were male, 18 were female. Mean age was 29.92 +/- 10.37 years. Before manual brushing mean plaque score was 1.88 +/- 0.65 while after brushing it was reduced to 1.11 +/- 0.43. Percent reduction was 40.96%, p=0.0005. Mean plaque score was 1.35 +/- 0.37 and 0.69 +/- 0.29 before and after brushing respectively in battery operated brushing. Percent reduction was 48.9%, p=0.0005. Battery operated brushing was significantly more effective than manual [p=0.023]

Conclusion: Battery operated tooth brush was significantly more effective than manual toothbrush. It removes significantly more supragingival plaque than manual tooth brush

Flare-ups following single versus multiple visits in endodontic treatment

The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of post-obturation flare-ups in teeth following single visit versus multiple visits in Root Canal Treatment. Two hundred patients were assigned for single-visit versus multiple visits root canal treatment. For each tooth treated, the clinical factors and conditions existing before and after the completion of treatment were recorded. This data included patient's age, gender, type of tooth, pre-operative status of pulp and periapical tissues and recording pain and swelling [flare-ups] postoperatively after 1 day,1 week and 1 month. Statistics analyzed by chi-square test, SPSS 19. Fifteen out of two hundreds cases showed flare-ups after treated single visit versus multiple visits appointments. All patients in this study suffered irrereversible pulpitis 200 patients divided into two equal groups. Group1 Patients were obturated in single visit while group 2 patients were obturated in multiple visits appointments. It was observed that out of total 15[7.5%] cases of flare-up, 6[40%] were visited multiple time and 9[60%] were visited single time. It was concluded that the incidence of flare-up or post obturation pain is related to the number of visits and clinical experience of the dentist

Electronic apex locator versus conventional radiograph; determination of working length: a prospective in-vivo study

For successful endodontic outcome, accurate working length has to be determined. Even with improved systems of working length [WL] measurement, different readings may be recorded in different electrolytes present in the canal

Methodology: total 90 patients were selected for this prospective in vivo study resented at Department of Operative Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, during 6 months i.e. from 1[st] Sep 2014 to 28[th] Feb 2015, with single rooted permanent mandibular first premolars with matured apices. After extirpated pulp tissue a file was inserted in the canal and WL was obtained by radiograph as well as by electronic apex locator [EAL]. The measurements determined by both methods were compared by applying paired sample t-test. SPSS 18 was used for data analysis

Results: among 90 subjects 37 were males. Mean +/- SD WL obtained radiographically was 19.8 +/- 1.03-m whereas mean +/- SD WL obtained electronically was 18.9 +/- 1.05 mm. Mean difference between measurements of both methods was 0.87-mm, which was statistically significant [P <0.05]

Conclusion: the electronic apex locator was better than the radiograph in determining working length of root canal at statistically significant level

Anticonvulsant activity of gap-junctional blocker carbenoxolone in albino rats.

Background: Gap junctions (GJs) are clusters of channels that connect the interiors of adjoining neurons and mediate electrical/electrotonic coupling by transfer of ions and small molecules. Electrotonic coupling between principal neurons via GJs is increasingly recognized as one of the mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the abnormal neuronal synchrony that occurs during seizures. Carbenoxolone the succinyl ester of glycyrrhetinic acid obtained from liquorice has been shown to have the property of blocking gap junctional intercellular communication. The objectives were to study if carbenoxolone has in-vivo anticonvulsive activity in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) seizure models and to probe the functional role of GJs in seizures. Methods: Carbenoxolone was tested for anticonvulsive effect in albino rats subjected to seizures by the PTZ and MES at three doses 100 m/kg, 200 m/kg, 300 m/kg. In the PTZ model parameters observed were seizure protection, seizure latency and seizure duration. In the MES model parameters observed were seizure protection and seizure duration. Results: The results showed that the carbenoxolone has anticonvulsant activity in both PTZ and MES induced seizures with better protection in the PTZ induced seizures. In the PTZ model carbenoxolone produced a statistically significant increase in seizure latency, decrease in seizure duration and seizure protection. In the MES model carbenoxolone produced a statistically significant decrease in seizure duration. Conclusions: Carbenoxolone has in-vivo anticonvulsive effect and could be useful in both petitmal (absence) seizures and grand mal (generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy) seizures. The protective effect of carbenoxolone could be due to blockade of GJ channels that mediate electro tonic coupling and thereby prevent the neural synchronization that is characteristic of seizures. The study also supports the view that GJs have a functional role in the electrophysiology of seizures and GJ blockers have potential as a new class of antiepileptic drugs.

Analysis of maxillofacial injuries spread over one year period in Karachi sample

This descriptive case series study assessed the spectrum of maxillofacial injuries seen at the Emergency Department of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from March 2009 to February 2010. A total of 1295 patients with maxillofacial injuries were included in the study, of whom 875 [67.6%] were male and 420 [32.4%] female. Injuries were most common 340 [26.25%] in first decade. The most common cause was road traffic collision [611] patients and fall was second most common cause [415] patients. The mandible was the most common bone fractured [309] patients, followed by dentoalveolar [142] patients. There were 73 patients with fractured maxilla. Isolated soft tissue injuries occurred in 578 patients most commonly occurring in the lower third of the face. Most of the maxillofacial injuries were received between 1500 and 2100 hrs, [665] and Saturdays were the busiest days with [242] patients. The collection of data over the one from emergency department regarding the maxillofacial fractures including soft tissues injuries helps us how to manage on early basis and also may guide us regarding the time and day of the week which is busiest time of the emergency department

Glanzmann thrombasthenia associated with human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia [GT] is an autosomal recessive inherited platelet function defect characterized by normal platelet count, prolonged bleeding time and abnormal clot retraction. This disease typically presents in infancy or early childhood and has proven to have very good prognosis. In this case study, a 22-year-old GT patient who also developed human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection after sometime is reported. The patient showed oral manifestations of gingival hyperplasia and petechial lesions. Unfortunately the detection of both thrombasthenia and HIV were done at considerably late stages which contributed to a poor prognosis. The patient died of cardiopulmonary arrest secondary to HIV, thrombasthenia and thrombocytopenia. The importance of early detection, supportive care and communication between the general and oral physician in management of the GT is also discussed

Clinical presentation of dry socket at teaching hospital of Hyderabad city

To find out frequency and clinical presentation of dry socket in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Obseervational study. This study was carried out at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from Jan 2011 to June 2012. Age from 11 to 70 years with both gender groups was included in the study. They were observed for the presence of dry socket. Patients with previous history of two or more days of extraction, pain, sensitivity on gentle probing of the extraction socket and empty/ partially empty socket were included in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version-13. Total 2300 extractions were included in study; dry socket was recorded in 66 [3.3%] routine dental extraction except 3[rd] molars and 598 [26%] surgical and non-surgical extraction of 3[rd] molar respectively. Majority of the patients belong to 3[rd] decade of life. In oral Surgery practice dry socket is unavoidable, but oral surgeons must identify additional risk factors in patients with particular medical conditions and include this information as a part of the informed consent

Complications of modified radical neck dissection type III in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Modified radical neck dissection type III is considered as relatively safe procedure for management of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy, with low complication rate. This Descriptive study was conducted to evaluate complications of modified radial neck dissection type III from April 2007 to March 2010 at Department of ENT-Head and Neck Surgery Civil Hospital, Karachi. The surgical record of 115 patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent Modified Radical Neck Dissection type III was evaluated for frequencies and pattern of complications. Out of 115 patients, age of the patients was ranging from 26 to 66 years [std Dev: +/- 10.62]. 80% of patients were male and 20% of patients were female and male and female ratio was 4:1. The overall complications were 48.7%. Marginal mandibular nerve palsy [15.7%] and seroma [12.2%] were frequent complications. Although complications may occur despite the best efforts to prevent them, proper preoperative planning, early recognition of perioperative complications, and prompt, effective management can minimize the impact of complications that may occur

Gingivitis and dental caries status among the school going children of Jamshoro city

The purpose of the study is to assess the gingivitis and dental caries status among school going children of Jamshoro city. Descriptive Study This study was conducted at the out patients department of Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro during the year Jan 2010 to Oct 2011 A descriptive study was conducted among 700 school going children. The general information and the information regarding oral hygiene practice and dental visits were obtained. The gingivitis of the subjects was assessed by using Loe and Silness Gingival Index. The dental caries status was assessed by using International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Out of 700 school children, n=270 [38.57%] were boys and reaiming n=430 [61.42%] were girls, the age distribution was done in three groups and in group one total children were n=101 [14.42%], in group two n=187 [26.71%] and in group three n=432 [58.85%] children, Gingival Index according to Loe and Silness in grade zero were n=322 [46.00%] children, grade one n=165 [23.57%] children, grade two n=143 [20.42%] children and in grade three n=70 [7%] children, Dental Caries Status of school children in relation with age group was in age group one n=199 [28.42%] children, in age group two n=175 [25%] children and in age group three n=115 [16.42%] children. The results of this study indicate that there is a moderate prevalence of gingivitis and dental caries among school going children of Jamshoro city. We the dental care providers, oral hygienist, parents and teachers trying to motivate the school going childrens for to improving the oral health of the oral cavity so that they can prevent themselves from common problems of the oral cavity

Stages of tuberculous meningitis: a clinicoradiologic analysis

To determine the frequencies and percentages of various clinicoradiologic variables of tuberculosis meningitis [TBM] with reference to British Medical Research Council [BMRC] staging of the disease. A case series. Department of Neurology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from October 2010 to September 2011. The study included 93 adult patients with the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis [TBM] at the study place. Patients were divided in three groups according to British Medical Research Council [BMRC] staging of TBM. Different clinical and radiological findings were analyzed at different stages of the disease. Data was analyzed using SPSS [Statistical Package of Social Sciences] version 11.0. A majority of patients were found to be in stage-II disease at the time of admission. History of illness at the time of admission was more than 2 weeks in 50% of stage-I patients but around 80% in stage-II and stage-III patients. Neck stiffness was the most commonly reported finding in all stages. Cranial nerve palsies were higher in stage-III [75%] than in stage-II [43%] and in stage-I [24%] patients. Hydrocephalus and basal enhancement was the most frequently reported radiographic abnormalities. Duration of illness and cranial nerve palsies are important variables in the diagnosis of TBM stages and if TBM is suspected, empiric treatment should be started immediately without bacteriologic proof to prevent morbidity and mortality

Risk factors in spreading odontogenic infection

Spreading odontogenic infection is the extension of infection from its original site and can create potential life threatening situations. There are several risk factor reported for spreading odontogenic infection in literature including systemic health, virulence of organism and anatomical site. Apart from these factors odentogenic infection also observed in normal individuals. The objective of this study is to identify Risk factors in spreading odontogenic infection. Descriptive Case Series Study. This study was conducted in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, LUMHS from January 2011 to February 2012. A descriptive case series study on 60 patients of spreading odontogenic infection was conducted. Male female ratio was 2.3:1, 2[nd] and 3[rd] decade was common presentation. The most frequent clinical findings were pain, swelling, trimus. The Buccal space was the most frequent location for a single space infection [53.3%], followed by Submandibular space [35%], Canine space [5%]. Three patients presented with multi space involvement [6.6%]. The most common involved tooth was mandibular third molar 26 [43.3%].The most common cause of the infection was periapical infection followed by pericronitis. 83.3% patient were healthy patients with no co morbid, only 16.7% patients were with co morbid like DM, hypertension and pregnancy. There was also no difference for mean WBC count. This study shows that lower molars were the most common involved teeth and buccal space was frequent space to be involved. The site of infection is important risk factors. We observed Odentognic infection in common in healthy individual than non-healthy individuals

Maxillofacial fractures in Hyderabad city: a 1-year study of 448 patients

This descriptive study assesses the cause, type, incidence and treatment modalities of maxillofacial fractures managed at our center during the 1-year of time period. Descriptive Study. This study was carried out at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Institute of Dentistry LUMHS, Jamshoro. A total 384 cases were studied. A detailed history, clinical examination was performed and finally diagnosis confirmed with the help of radiograph, at least two radiographs were taken. Records of patients enrolled who were either treated in the Emergency Room, Out-Patients Department or in the Ward. A numbers of parameters, including Age, gender, cause, type of injury and treatment provided were assessed. Out of 448 patients, 318 were male and 130 were female. Majority of patients belong to 3[rd] decade [21-30 years] of life. Road traffic accidents 56.91% accounted for the majority of cases of maxillofacial fractures followed by assault 10.49%, fall 19.86%, sports 4.68% Mandible was seen as the most commonly fractured bone 44% [287] followed by maxillary bone 23.92% [156], Zygomatic bone complex 18.40% [120] and majority of the bony maxillofacial injuries were treated by open reduction and internal fixation [ORIF]. Males of age group 21-30 years were more frequently involved in maxillofacial fractures. Road traffic accident was the most common cause of trauma in this part of the country, which requires proper implementation of traffic legislation use of helmet while riding the cycle or motor bike. Mandible was fractured in majority of cases; common treatment modality of maxillofacial fractures at our center was Maxillo-mandibular fixation with miniplates