RESUMO
PURPOSE: To analyse codon usage patterns of five complete genomes of Salmonella , predict highly expressed genes, examine horizontally transferred pathogenicity-related genes to detect their presence in the strains, and scrutinize the nature of highly expressed genes to infer upon their lifestyle. METHODS: Protein coding genes, ribosomal protein genes, and pathogenicity-related genes were analysed with Codon W and CAI (codon adaptation index) Calculator. RESULTS: Translational efficiency plays a role in codon usage variation in Salmonella genes. Low bias was noticed in most of the genes. GC3 (guanine cytosine at third position) composition does not influence codon usage variation in the genes of these Salmonella strains. Among the cluster of orthologous groups (COGs), translation, ribosomal structure biogenesis [J], and energy production and conversion [C] contained the highest number of potentially highly expressed (PHX) genes. Correspondence analysis reveals the conserved nature of the genes. Highly expressed genes were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Selection for translational efficiency is the major source of variation of codon usage in the genes of Salmonella . Evolution of pathogenicity-related genes as a unit suggests their ability to infect and exist as a pathogen. Presence of a lot of PHX genes in the information and storage-processing category of COGs indicated their lifestyle and revealed that they were not subjected to genome reduction.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Códon/genética , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Genes Bacterianos , Genoma Bacteriano , Humanos , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Proteínas Ribossômicas/genética , Salmonella/classificaçãoRESUMO
Campylobacteriosis is a leading cause of zoonotic diarrhoea in the developed as well as developing countries. Domestic animals particularly the poultry act as a source of human infections. Domestic animal rearing is a very common practice in India particularly in rural areas. The present study of KAP of Zoonosis showed 68.2 % of 500 families interviewed did not have knowledge about zoonotic diseases in rural Bengal and not a single family had any idea of Campylobacter infections.
Assuntos
Animais , Animais Domésticos/microbiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/transmissão , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Índia , Saúde da População Rural , Zoonoses/microbiologiaRESUMO
Distribution of Ph. argentipes at three levels (level I, 0-0.91 m; level II, 0.91-1.82 m; and level III 1.82-2.74 m) above the ground in 6 cattlesheds was studied during July 1989 to June 1990. Of the 8044 Ph. argentipes caught, 3151 (39.2%), 3936 (48.9%) and 957 (11.9%) were from levels I, II, and III respectively. Both male and fed, half-fed, gravid and unfed female sandflies were found at all the three levels and in all the three seasons viz., rainy, winter and summer, of the year. The maximum height of occurrence of sandflies was 2.51 m (8.3 ft) above the ground level.