Surgical Management of Ranula- Floor of Mouth by Marsupialization: A Case Series.

Introduction: The extravasation of saliva from the sublingual gland on the floor of the mouth results in a ranula. The most typical presenta?on is swelling under the tongue. The mylohyoid muscle may allow it to herniate, Causing a plunging ranula. Ranula can be treated in many ways, including ranula excision alone, excision of the sublingual gland with or without ranula, aspira?on of cys?c fluid, sclerotherapy, marsupializa?on, incision and drainage. Material and methods: This case study includes six pa?ents with ranula who underwent surgical treatment by marsupializa?on. The indica?ons, age and sex distribu?on, Marsupializa?on methods, pathology reports, recurrence rates, and complica?ons were seen. Results: Out of 6 pa?ents in our case series, no one pa?ent has shown to be any recurrence or complica?ons of marsupializa?on. Conclusions: Management of Ranula by Marsupializa?on is a good op?on, but if it recurs a?er marsupializa?on, Excision of the lesion and the affected gland is the best course of act?on.

Incidence of false sero-negative blood donor cases for hepatitis-C in public and private hospitals of city district Faisalabad

Background: Hepatitis C is a worldwide public health problem nowadays. World Health Organization [WHO] estimates that 3 percent of the world population is infected with HCV. Voluntary blood donors have a very high prevalence of HCV infection especially in the developing world. The blood and blood components can be obtained from volunteer donors, direct donors, paid donors, or through autologous donation, hence the donors should be carefully interviewed and tested before blood donation

Objectives: To assess the incidence of false sero-negative Hepatitis-C blood donors and evaluate the costs, benefits and effectiveness of specific Tests of Hepatitis-C in public and private hospitals of city district, Faisalabad

Study Design: It was a cross-sectional hospital based study

Setting and Duration: The study was conducted in 3 public sector and 3 Private sector Hospitals of City district of Faisalabad. The study was conducted for one Year during 2010-2011

Sampling procedure: Non-probability Convenient sampling technique was employed

Sample size: The study included 600 blood donors who deposited their blood in the blood banks of the above hospitals for transfusion purposes

Results: The majority of the blood donors 70.83% were between the age of 18-25 years. Despite the fact that all the donors, in government and private hospitals groups respectively were found initially negative for hepatitis C on routine diagnostic test, yet considerable number of individuals, 14 [4.60%] and 46 [15.33%] in government and private hospitals groups, respectively were found unexpectedly positive for hepatitis C when scrutinized on ELISA diagnostic test. The results were found to be statistically significant when the P value was less than 0.05 [P<0.05]

Conclusion: All the individuals irrespective of their group were screened to be sero-negative for hepatitis -C, when tested on the routine laboratory test. But when their blood serum was tested by ELISA method, a sizeable number of individuals in both government and private hospital groups were screened as sero-positive for HCV. This state of uncertain performance of the routine laboratory test has given rise to unreliability of the diagnosis of hepatitis C by the routine test. It is, therefore, strongly recommended that only ELISA method should be ordered for authentic diagnosis of hepatitis C

Nutritional survey of 8[th] october 2005 earthquake hit area of district Bagh

Earthquake disasters affect the well-being and health of people, by plunging them into greater risks of food deprivation, ill-health and nutritional deficiency diseases. To determine the type and pattern of food consumption against its availability to the earthquake-affected people, and to see the nutritional status of vulnerable groups. It was a cross-sectional survey carried out from November, 2006 to May, 2007 in Mallot, District Bagh of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. A sample size of 150 houses was determined for the survey and all individuals in these houses were evaluated. A pre-tested 5 module questionnaire was administered to collect the relevant data. The household information regarding food availability and consumption was collected from the family heads, women and children. Of 675 individuals seen, 202[30%] were below 10 years of age. A poor nutritional status in under 5 children was observed as 51[49.51%] had severe stunted growth, and 26[25.24%] were severely underweight. While, 38[47%] non-pregnant and 20[49%] lactating women had good health with normal weight. The food availability did not meet the dietary requirements of family members. The food consumption by household family members was below their recommended daily allowance due to less food availability. However, micronutrient deficiency signs were not commonly visualized in the population due to the therapeutic campaign launched by the Government. Only 56[8.3%] had signs of protein-energy malnutrition followed by iron deficiency anemia in 52[7.7%], dental caries in 44[6.5%], vitamin A deficiency in 31[4.6%] and iodine deficiency in 20[3.0%] individuals. Serum vitamin A, urinary iodine and haemoglobin levels in lactating mothers were within the normal ranges to be 31.53microg/dl, 121.76 micro g/l and 12.2 gm/dl, respectively. Malnutrition was a major health problem in under 5 children. Women were less affected by malnutrition. Less food consumption by the vulnerable groups was observed due to less food availability in the households