Impacted and congenitally missing permanent tooth: Treatment options

To present a patient with congenitally missing and impacted teeth and give possible options for treatment. Design: Patient presentation. Setting: Dental Clinic, Asadi Dental Associates, Lahore, Pakistan. Female patient, Z aged 32 years. Main Outcome Measures: Congenitally missing and impacted teeth can present in patients who do not have any medical or systemic disorder. Possible treatment options are also given. After viewing this case, it can be concluded that there are conditions in which the patient may present with congenitally missing and impacted teeth that shows a hereditary pattern. These conditions may not necessarily be linked with a medical or systemic disorder. For a functional arch, it is important to have permanent teeth that have been properly aligned orthodontically and / or a suitable prosthesis is given. The facilities available and the skills of the operator also play a vital role in determining the method of treatment

Effectiveness of local infiltration of plain lignocaine vs lignocaine with adrenaline for the extraction of lower bicuspids

This study was done to determine the effectiveness of plain lignocaine infiltration as compared to lignocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline for the extraction of bicuspid teeth in the lower jaw on randomnly selected twenty healthy orthodontic patients between the ages of 14 to 20 years as subjects for this study. In this study infiltrations with plain lignocaine were given on the buccal and the lingual sides of the bicuspid that was to be extracted. Branches of the mental and the buccal nerves were to be anaesthetized on the buccal side of the tooth and on the lingual side there were twigs from the lingual nerve. On the opposite sides of the jaw, the other tooth was extracted by anaesthetizing the area with lignocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline.It was concluded from this study that the addition of adrenaline greatly enhances the penetrating ability of lignocaine and that the anaesthetic effect obtained by lignocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline is much superior to the effect obtained by plain lignocaine

Trends of maxillofacial trauma at an urban center in England

This study was done to determine the trend of maxillo facial trauma at an urban center in North Western England. This retrospective study was carried out at the Manchester Royal Infirmary. It deals with the common factors leading to the disturbance of the facial skeleton and the areas of this region that are most prone to fractures. A total of 513 patients presented with 554 fractures over the five year [1988-1992] period. 42.44% were malar fractures followed by 40.25% mandibular, 10.65% middle third, 6.12% nasal and 0.54% fractures were of the frontal regions. The main etiological factors leading to the injury were recorded as assaults / interpersonal violence [63.9%], falls [14.8%], road traffic accidents [10.3%], sporting injuries [9.6%] and other causes [1.2%]