Cancers; Sindh based prevalence of different type of cancers reported in civil hospital Karachi

To calculate the prevalence of common types of cancer in SINDH based on Civil Hospital Karachi [CHK] database. Retrospective Observational Study. Clinical Oncology Department Civil Hospital Karachi, from January, 2004 to December 2011[8 Years]. All the Patients attending the oncology department CHK were selected for study. After completing data the cancer registry patients were categorized according to their diagnosis and this data was recorded on Microsoft Excel sheet. During period of January 2004 to December 2011, the total number of patients included in the study was 5504 out of which 2638 were males and 2866 females. The list of prevalence of different types of cancer was created and according to the statistical analysis based on CHK data base, the increasing trend was seen in breast, oral cavity, lymphoid tissue, blood, colorectal, liver and biliary tract, faciomaxillary, lung, uterus, esophagus, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, larynx, ovary, male genital system, Nasopharynx, urinary system and brain cancers. It is concluded that the registration of cancer patients is highly beneficial for the evaluation of cancer prevalence and incidence. This registration is also helpful for calculating the comparative incidence and prevalence of cancers on national and international levels. The recorded data will also help to improve the quality of life of cancer patients as this data is very much helpful to identify the etiology and risk factors of cancers which will improve health prevention and management plans by higher authorities

Terminals chebula retz; spasmogenic and spasmolytic properties

To study the spasmogenic and spasmolytic properties of Terminalia chebula. Diagnostic parameter of smooth muscle activity was used for the determination of characteristic spasmogenic and spasmolytic activity of I chebula. Experimental study. This experimental study was carried out at the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karachi University. From 2005 to 2006. This experimental study was conducted on isolated smooth muscle of rabbit's intestine. Segment of small intestine [jejunum and ileum] was mounted in Tyroid's solution filled organ bath with maintained temperature at 37°C to record dose response activity. It is observed that at the dose of 1 mg/ml there is a slight decrease in the response [0.88 cm 0.035 cm] as compare to control [1.15cm 0.040 cm]. At 10 mg/ml there is a relaxing response of smooth muscle activity [0.85cm 0.08cm] from control [1.08cm 0.125cm]. While the relaxation is prominent at the doses of 20 mg/ml [0.9cm 0.5cm] and 25 mg/ml [0.55cm 0.035cm] from control [1.4cm 0.155cm] and [1.3cm 0.07cm] respectively with [p value 0.05]. The effect of ethyl acetate fraction shows initially relaxation and this effect disappeared after the administration of acetylcholine 1x10[-2] M, but full response of acetylcholine is not produced due to occupancy of muscarinic receptor by the extract. Conclusions: The effect of T. chebula showed a spontaneous decrease in the movement of smooth muscles of rabbit's intestine as compared to control experiments

Role of leukotriene receptor antagonist in acute severe attack of bronchial asthma in comparison with conventional therapy

This study was designed to determine the role of leukotriene receptor antagonist in acute severe attack of bronchial asthma in comparison with conventional therapy. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease in both the developed and developing countries. Asthmatic patients are at risk of worsening of disease characterized by an increased breathlessness, cough, chest discomfort and wheezing and decreased in expiratory airflow rate. Leukotrienes are lipid mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid, and element of which are potent chemo attractants. These chemical mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Study results reveled the effectiveness of leukotriene receptor antagonist in preventing many types of aggravated asthmatic responses. Oral administration of leukotriene receptor antagonist in acute asthmatic patients improves airway function. Once-daily treatment with 10 mg of montelukast, as compared with conventional therapy, provided significant protection against severe broncho-constriction. Study also shows that there was no worsening of the disease. Parameters strongly confirmed the role of leukotriene receptor antagonist when in addition added with steroid therapy in the treatment of acute asthma, there were a smooth improvement was noticed